5G, 6G, and the Future of Wireless Communication | SG Analytics

1. WHITE PAPER 5G, 6G, and the Next ... SG Analytics – Tech Insights 6G: The Future of Wireless Communication 1

2. Inside the Report Introduction to Next-generation Wireless Technologies Impact of 6G on Key Technologies OEM Landscape Competitive Landscape Regional Outlook Use Cases Spectrum Requirements of 6G Future Outlook Acronyms 2

3. Introduction to Next-generation Wireless Technologies 5G will have a significant impact on the way people live, work, and play. While 4G provided a major boost to the mobile internet capabilities of 3G, 5G revolutionized communications more efficiently. According to a GSA report published in June 2022, around 70 countries launched 5G networks as of June 2022, up from 38 in mid-2020. 5G provides hyper-fast bandwidth and three times faster speeds than 4G. It delivers lag-free and reliable services to support substantially scaled communications for a wide range of IoT devices. The technology is still in its early stages of deployment, and full-scale adoption is yet to occur globally. 5G Adv. will extend the reach of 5G connectivity and is expected to launch in 2025. Additionally, 6G will gradually evolve through the maturity of the 5G network and will be a more advanced version of 5G and 5G Adv. The below chart provides a timeline of 3GPP for 5G Adv. and 6G indicating completion of the first 5G Adv. in 2024 and completion of the first 6G in 2028, followed by 6G evolution. Evolution of The 6G Network Evolution of The 6G Network 2029 2029– –30 30 2026 2026– –28 28 Evolution of 6G 2024 2024– –25 25 • 6G Study • Start of the 6G standard 2021 2021– –23 23 6G Requirements 20 2019 19– –20 20 • 5G to support XR and AI/ML • Start of 5G Advanced 2017 2017– –18 18 URLLC, Adv V2x and REDCap • Start of 5G standard • V2x and Massive IoT Source: Ericsson’s view of the 5G Advanced and 6G timeline of 3GPP (dates beyond 2023 are indicative) Future of Wireless Communication Networks Future of Wireless Communication Networks Quick Facts for Wireless Connectivity Subscription (bn) 5G provides superior network performance in terms of coverage enables various new supports new applications compared to previous generations of 3GPP networks. “It is projected that there will be around 3.6bn 3.6bn 5G connections in 2025.” 0.2 and use capacity. cases It 7 0.6 5.3 and 1.3 17.1 10.7 5 Source: CCS Insight 97 Mobile Subscription Smartphone Subscription M2M Subscription “It is projected that 75% of 5G 75% of 5G networks networks will be upgraded upgraded to 5G Adv to 5G Adv by 2030.” 2030.” 5G enhancements automation, XR, RedCap NR devices, network energy savings, networking for IoT. Advanced will to provide intelligent significant network 2010 2020 2030 by and deterministic Advanced Traffic Volume 1.4 10.3 7.562 0.35 Source: ABI Research Overcoming the challenges of 5G and 5G Adv. networks, 6G technology will contribute to an efficient, human-friendly, sustainable society through intelligent communication. The 6G network will offer extreme data rates in the range of over over 100 100 Gbps rate per use and support extremely low latency of less than 1 ms. 5,016 622 257 The 6G market is expected to be around USD 8.76bn USD 8.76bn in 2030. Source: BIS Research Traffic Volume EB/Month M2M Traffic Volume EB/Month Traffic Per Subscriber GB/Month Gbps to to 1 1 Tbps Tbps peak peak 2020 2030 2010 Source: arXiv Impact of the COVID Impact of the COVID- -19 Pandemic on 5G Launch 19 Pandemic on 5G Launch The 5G rollout across the U.K. and Europe was delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In April 2020; Spain put its 5G auction on hold. Similarly, Austria’s Austria’s Telekom Telekom- -Control second 5G auction, France’s France’s regulator ARCEP shelved its auction of 3.4–3.8GHz frequencies which was originally scheduled for April 2020, and the Czech Czech Republic 700MHz and 3.5GHz bands until the middle of 2020. In March 2020, Apple Apple delayed the launch of 5G iPhones due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, Rakuten Rakuten Mobile Mobile, a subsidiary of Japanese e-commerce giant Rakuten, delayed the launch of commercial 5G services due to the impact of the pandemic in March 2020. Spain • Control- -Kommission Kommission decided to postpone its Republic pushed its auction of frequencies in the • 3

4. Impact of 6G on Key Technologies 6G infrastructure will support the communications requirements of emergent applications, such as brain- computer interfaces, XR, autonomous vehicles, IoE, and haptics. As the world moves toward a more networked society, 6G will allow intelligent processes to operate with minimum human interface. AI • 6G will enhance how AI interacts, learns, infers, and solves various traditional issues faced in the development of AI. The 6G network will provide faster rates and lower latency performance gains for AI and ML deployments. Additionally, AI and ML will play an important role as enablers of the 6G technology by optimizing the networks and designing new waveforms. machines and • BCI • The consciousness communicate with each other to exchange information and signals. It provides humans the manage and control machines. 6G can teleport human senses allowing people to interact with their surroundings and other people via wearable devices and smart body implants. BCI technology and enables external human device • an to ability to directly • According to the PWC and US Global Investors, USD 15.70tn is projected to be AI’s contribution to the global economy by 2030. • The AI industry market size is projected to be USD USD 169.41bn 169.41bn by 2025. According to Ericsson, 6G will enable the BCI and IoS by 2030. Source: Bloomberg Blockchain • The design of 6G’s security system will adopt a distributed and decentralized structure to adapt to the current wireless network. • Having similar characteristics and distributed structure, blockchain is one of the most disruptive technologies to facilitate standards of 6G. • According to the blockchain in 6G will persuade the network to observe and manage resource utilization with maximum efficiency. According to IDC, the global spending on blockchain solutions will reach USD 11.70bn 11.70bn by the end of 2022. The global brain computer interface market is projected to reach USD 5.46bn USD 5.46bn by 2030. Source: AMR IoE • the functional IoE products intelligent networked environment. Although 5G networks show great potential to support numerous IoE-based services, it is not adequate to meet the complete requirements of the new smart applications that generate huge amounts of data. This creates an increased demand for 6G wireless communication systems to solve the major limitations with the existing 5G networks. The global IoE market value is expected to increase from USD 1,074.10bn to USD 3,335.10bn USD 3,335.10bn by 2030. refers to the devices to and internet consumer in connected the an CBCA, integrating the • USD • The global blockchain market will be worth USD 1,431.54bn USD 1,431.54bn by 2030. Source: GVR USD 1,074.10bn in 2022 XR • XR has experienced exponential growth over the last few years. URLLC is an essential enabler of XR applications. As XR connections require interactive latency and immensely high data rates, 6G technologies immersive versions of XR. According to General Electrics, industrial internet can add USD 82.00tn USD 82.00tn to the GDP by 2025. Source: FMI, GE • • extremely low will support more Global Online Data Traffic 2010–35 (ZB) 2,142 In January 2022, Purple Mountain Laboratories in China recorded 206.25 gigabits of 6G speeds that boosted its Metaverse and XR standards. 612 175 47 33 12 2 ” The global XR market size is expected to reach USD 300bn USD 300bn by 2024. 2010 2015 2018 2020 2025 2030 2035 Source: Statista Digital Economy Compass 2019 Source: South China Morning Post Publishers Ltd, Statista 4

5. OEM Landscape The advent of the 6G technology will pose a significant impact on chips and electronic components manufacturers. The companies will focus on manufacturing high-performance semiconductor devices to enable faster data transmission speeds in the 6G network. Additionally, the excellent energy and power density of graphene supercapacitors will drive their demand in 6G-enabled devices. 6G 6G – – Top OEMs Top OEMs Semiconductor Devices FCC Approval FCC Approval FCC Samsung in December 2021 until January 2024. The license will enable the company to test the 6G wireless communication system integrated with a high-performance transmitter and receiver. granted the license to Semiconductor devices with a transistor performance of more than 500GHz are required for next-generation wireless technologies to work efficiently. Advances in Bipolar CMOS and SiGe have the potential performance while leveraging the scale and cost of at submillimeter terahertz frequencies manufacturing for 6G. ICs operating s will be crucial for establishing beyond-5G and 6G communication devices. • to increase transistor high-volume silicon • Terahertz & Transceivers FCC Approval FCC Approval The Qualcomm in January 2022 until February 2024. The license would allow the company to develop high-power and receivers generation wireless systems. FCC granted a license to THz carrier waves that occupy the frequency range between infrared light waves and microwaves represent a particularly flexible solution to form a powerful and flexible 6G network. Terahertz transmitters can handle tens of gigabit-per- second data rates both powerfully and spectrally efficient. • experimental • transmitters the for next- How 6G Will Shape the Semiconductor Industry Supercapacitors will enable the 6G technology to reach its full potential by boosting the lifespan of connected devices, autonomous vehicles, and AI-assisted smart sensors. 100 100tn tn sensors are expected to be manufactured and connected to the internet by the end of 2030 to revolutionize the 6G technology. In July 2022, Applied Materials, Inc. stated that the semiconductor revenue is expected to reach USD 1 1..00 00tn tn in 2030 compared to USD USD 450 450bn bn in 2020. The utilization of the sub-THz 100 100– –300 300GH GHz spectrum in 6G will require SiGe and InP semiconductor technologies with 0.5THz to > 1THz performance. • • USD • • Key Takeaways Researchers are developing chips with increased memory output and higher performance to sustain the 6G applications. ‒ In August 2020, researchers from NTU Singapore NTU Singapore and Osaka University made from silicon to advance the 6G network with data transmission speeds of over 11 gigabits. The manufacturers, foundries, assembly & testing companies, equipment makers, raw materials providers, and component suppliers will need to collaborate to meet capacity, cost, performance, yield, and reliability challenges associated with 6G innovation. • Osaka University developed a terahertz chip terahertz chip over 11 gigabits. • 5

6. Competitive Landscape The competitive landscape of the 6G technology consists of several strategies adopted by major players, including Ericsson, Nokia, Samsung, NTT Docomo, and Huawei. Some of the strategies adopted by these companies include R&D, new product launches, and collaborations. Expected 6G Launch Year Strategic Initiatives and Partnerships Company R&D Trials In November 2021, Ericsson partnered with KAUST to develop 6G in Saudi Arabia. In January 2021, Ericsson joined the EU’s 6G research project, REINDEER. In April 2022, Ericsson collaborated with the NSF RINGS program to advance 6G research. 2027 2027 In February 2022, Samsung partnered with Keysight to advance the research and development of its 6G technology. In July 2020, Samsung released a white paper that laid its vision for 6G technology. In November 2021, Samsung conducted its 6G trial in the U.S. 2028 2028 In December 2020, Nokia announced to lead Hexa-X for 6G research. In July 2022, Nokia partnered with LG Uplus to cooperate in R&D projects for 6G. In June 2022, Nokia announced to conduct 6G trials in Japan. 2030 2030 In June 2022, NTT Docomo announced to collaborate with Nokia, NEC, and Fujitsu to develop key technologies towards 6G. In January 2020, NTT DOCOMO released a white paper on 6G with an aim to launch the technology by 2030. In May 2022, NTT Docomo announced 6G trials with Nokia, NEC, and Fujitsu. 2030 2030 In August 2019, Huawei announced an investment of USD 17.00bn in R&D for the 6G technology. In June 2020, Huawei partnered with China Unicom and Grandstar Cargo to jointly develop 6G. In July 2021, Huawei launched test satellites for the 6G technology verification. 2030 2030 Other Leading Companies In May 2022, Reliance Jio Infocomm Limited entered a strategic partnership with the University of Oulu, Finland, to accelerate its research and standardization process in the 6G technology. In May 2020, ZTE collaborated with China Unicom to review the 6G technology trends and conduct research on key standards. In November 2020, Apple and Google joined the Next G Alliance to widen the 6G research and development process. In January 2019, LG opened a 6G research center in collaboration with the KAIST. • • • • Source: Company websites. Press Releases Global Companies Active in the 6G Space China China The U.S. The U.S. Japan Japan South Korea South Korea Europe Europe 6

7. Regional Outlook Countries’ Investment for the Development of 6G Share of Countries in 6G Patent Filing and Major Applicants (2021) Country 6G Investments Australian Digital Economy Strategy of USD Modern Manufacturing Initiative of USD 0.89bn 5G & 6G Security and Testbed,USD 21.76mn/4 years. USD 0 0..82 82bn bn and Daewwoo Telecom Ltd - 537 Electronics & Telecommunication Research - 439 Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. – 428 Others, 11% Others, 11% In 2021, the U.S. and Japan announced a joint investment of USD 4.50bn for the development of 6G. South Korea, 10% South Korea, 10% US US China, 35% China, 35% China is projected to lead the development of the 6G network over the coming years. The country leads in 6G patents with a 40.3% share in global 6G patent filings. University of Electronic Science and Technology and China University of Metrology- 294 In 2020, South Korea made its plans public to launch 6G first with an investment of USD 170mn. In 2021, the South Korean Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT) announced investing developing and commercializing 6G networks. Global Japan, 13% Japan, 13% NEC Corporation - 672 Mitsubishi Electric Corp - 448 Nippon Telegraph & Telephone Corp. - 340 over USD 193mn in The EU has been granting USD 107mn for 6G-related research since 2017. In 2022, Saudi Arabia launched investments worth USD 6.4bn in future technologies. Europe, 13% Europe, 13% U.S., 18% U.S., 18% Hughes Network System Ltd - 414 Qualcomm Inc. - 292 Viasat Inc - 266 In 2020, partnered to launch an initiative called Brasil 6G in Brazil. 11 universities and educational institutions In 2022, India, Vietnam, and Singapore announced plans to develop the 6G technology. Source: Lexology & Patent Development Status of 6G Communication Technology Report Number of Chinese Applications for 6G (2021) 6G Market Size by Region 2028(USD mn) 364.1 20% 20% 251.1 80% 80% Chinese applicants Chinese applicants (12,697 cases) (12,697 cases) 216.2 Foreign applicants Foreign applicants (3,114 cases) (3,114 cases) 91.6 57 China 39.8 26.7 North America China Europe APAC & UK MEA South America Japan Source: Lexology & Patent Development Status of 6G Communication Technology Report Source: Statista Major Research Activities and Projects in Leading Countries Major Research Activities and Projects in Leading Countries Country Country Year Year 2019 2019 2020 2020 2021 2021 2022 2022 Organized the first 6G wireless summit Collaborated with Japan to develop a 6G standard Launched 6G Finland to boost research on 6G Finland Finland Achieved a 6G transmission speed of 206.25 gigabits per second 37 research institutes started focusing on 6G research Announced the availability of the 6G network by 2030 Sent the first 6G experiment satellite into the orbit China China ATIS launched the Next G Alliance, an initiative aimed at promoting 6G in North America Approved the FUTURE Networks Act to create a 6G task force Senate Commerce approved a bill to establish a national 6G strategy Opened a spectrum between 95GHz and 3THz The U.S. The U.S. Launched ‘Leading 6G era: Imagination into reality’ plan to become the first country to launch 6G KAIST collaborated with LE Electronics to establish a 6G research center Unveiled a five-year project for the development of core technologies for 6G Announced to launch a 6G communication prototype in 2026 South South Korea Korea The Japanese Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications and the University of Oulu signed an agreement for the development of 6G Announced plans to launch 6G experimental trials with Nokia Japan Japan Started research on the 6G technology to launch the technology by 2030 Researchers from KAUST started working on 6G technology Saudi Saudi Arabia Arabia KAUST and Ericsson collaborated to develop 6G Source: International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications (IJACSA) & Press Releases 7

8. Use Cases The deployment of 6G will enable innovative and futuristic use cases by handling huge data rate, latency, and reliability requirements of smart devices. Hexa-X, the European 6G research project driven by Ericsson and Nokia, has identified the prospective use cases of the 6G network. Use Cases of 6G Proposed by Hexa-X Potential Applications of 6G Sustainable development 1 Industrial Automation Extended Reality (AR/MR/VR) Smart Railways Mobility 2 Local trust zones 3 Robots to cobots Device to Device Communication Remote Areas Connectivity Extreme Capacity xHaul 4 Massive twinning 5 Telepresence Enhanced Hotspot Autonomous Vehicle Mobility Sustainable Development Robots to Cobots 6G will provide substantial opportunities to enable sustainable development in various industries. The use cases include: • Earth monitor to monitor indicators such as ocean, land, and snow. • E E- -health health to provide global access to remote and less-privileged populations. • E E- -learning learning to provide learning opportunities to selected institutions in remote areas. • Autonomous supply chain to help reduce waste in the production or logistics chains. The global reach of these use cases can be facilitated by incorporating wireless technology. According to the Market Data Forecast, the global cobots market will grow from USD USD USD 7 7,,972 972mn mn by 2026. • AGVs and drones will improve the transportation of raw materials, spares, and accessories from the warehouses to the production line. • Cobots Cobots will be adopted to transport large or heavy products. For cobots to work safely and efficiently, high- performance sensing technologies need to be utilized. USD 981 981mn mn in 2020 to the environmental and communication backhaul into the 6G Massive Twinning Massive twinning expands the implementation of digital twins to monitor the physical world and improve efficiency. • Sustainable Sustainable food food production production health, needs, and ailments of livestock and crops in real time. • Precise monitoring of public or private services, such as public transportation, environment for an immersive smart city. The 6G network is expected to deploy AI and DTs to enhance performance. Local Trust Zones The local trust zone represents the internal LAN that requires extreme performance in terms of throughput, reliability, and security. The use cases include: • Precision healthcare healthcare confidential over local and private networks. • Sensor infrastructure web authenticated and verified sensor data. • Infrastructure-less embedded network extensions where beyond the reach of edge. 6G deployment will support the core security principle of ZT, which focuses on protecting system resources. to monitor the needs data to remain utilities, and that needs to be networks coverage and extends Telepresence The maturation of telepresence can be expected with the 6G rollout in the 2030s. • Fully merged cyber-physical worlds will require holographic telepresence communication tools. and MR as new 8

9. Spectrum Requirements of 6G The increase of spectrum availability is a fundamental requirement to ensure the required coverage, latency, and network capabilities in the next-gen technologies. 6G would require a combination of new spectrum bands alongside the existing spectrum to support trillions of embeddable devices. The existing spectrum will help to address the needs for mobile communication; however, the spectrum requirements of the next-gen networks will be higher than the previous generations due to the introduction of new use cases. For instance, 5G allows high-quality video conferencing on the move, and 6G is expected to deliver a full telepresence experience. Such use cases demand capacity and require large spectrum bandwidth. • • Spectrum Range for Future Radio Access Centimetric range Sub-THz range 1 GHz 3 GHz 10 GHz 30 GHz 100 GHz 300 GHz Current 5G spectrum range Possible new 6G spectrum range Source: Ericcson Expert Quotes on 6G Spectrum Samsung will invest USD 355.00bn technologies. USD 355.00bn in semiconductors, 6G, and other 6G would require a spectrum with ultra-wideband bandwidth ranging from hundreds of MHz to tens of GHz. Source: Android Headlines Nokia will lead the German 6G lighthouse project. 5G networks mostly run on sub-6GHz spectrum, with some of them on higher ones, but the new 6G will go even further, up to 140 GHz. Huawei will invest USD 17.00bn for 6G. As a next-generation wireless communications technology, 6G will continue to use multiple frequency bands, spanning low-band, mid-band, and high- band spectrum. Source: Huaweicentral.com Ericsson will lead the 6G strategy for the U.S. coalition. Spectrum from within the 7-20 GHz range is required to realize the capacity- demanding use cases in the future 6G networks. 9

10. Future Outlook Future of Wireless Technologies • With the rapid development of mobile communication, the wireless industry has experienced remarkable growth over the last few years. The FG will have higher data transmission rates than 5G, 6G, and 7G. • While the 5G technology aims for a real wireless society with no limitations, 6G integrates 5G with satellite networks. Due to variable technologies and standards, roaming will be an issue with the 6G network. This will drive the need for 7G mobile wireless networks to acquire space roaming. However, the further change in standards and technology will also open new horizons for 7 7..5 5G G or • Satellite internet connects users to the web through separate satellite dishes. It refers to a kind of internet-based satellite communication that forms a large-scale network by launching satellites to provide broadband internet access to the users. • According to the China Commercial Space Investment report 2018, China will launch around 3,100 commercial satellites by 2025. The cost of a single Chinese satellite manufacturing is projected to be USD 4.29mn compared to USD 500k and USD USD 1 1mn mn manufacturing costs of US-based Starlink and Amazon, respectively. • The 6G satellite network is a futuristic technology that can support high-transfer speeds of up to 3.5Gbps. It provides high bandwidth connections and ultra-low latency required for latency-sensitive applications. • The 6G satellite network will be the final stage of a fast satellite communication system, which can offer a 100Gbps network capacity and connect billions of devices in space. The entire cost of a 6G Satellite network project is projected to be USD 2tn.. • According to the DoT, the 6G technology would enable the convergence of satellite communications and terrestrial networks. or 8 8G G. “Starting with the 1G network, the telecommunication sector has revolutionized how we communicate, work, and live. With the growing number of 6G research initiatives globally, we can expect to witness the revolution from ‘connected everything’ to ‘connected intelligence’ over the next decade.” “With 5G networks still being in the deployment phase around the world, the need for higher data transmission rates has created the demand for 6G and future mobile technologies. Historically, a new generation has appeared after every 10th year since 1G in 1981, 2G in 1992, 3G in 2001, whereas 4G in 2012–13, and 5G in 2020, the rollout of 6G and 7G are expected in 2030 and 2040, respectively.” “No matter how many wireless technologies come and go, people are ready to adopt innovative technologies in their daily life and enhance their experience. They are curious to know about innovation and how these innovations will transform the use of the upcoming gadgets. Therefore, 6G will be a boon to the tech world that brings new opportunities for OEMs, service providers, integrators in Telco Ecosystem” 10

11. Acronym List Acronyms Acronyms 3GPP 3GPP 4G 4G 5G 5G 6G 6G 7G 7G 8G 8G ADV. ADV. AI AI AR AR ARCEP ARCEP ATIS ATIS BCI BCI bn bn CBCA CBCA COVID COVID CMOS CMOS CUPS CUPS EB EB EMBB EMBB FCC FCC FG FG GB GB Gbps Gbps GHz GHz GSA GSA IC IC IDC IDC IEEE IEEE ICT ICT InP InP IoE IoE IoS IoS IoT IoT KAIST KAIST KAUST KAUST ML ML mn mn MR MR MSIT MSIT Next Next- -gen NR NR NSF NSF NTU NTU OEM OEM R&D R&D REDcap REDcap RINGS RINGS SiGe SiGe Tbps Tbps THz THz tn tn US US USD USD URLLC URLLC V2X V2X VR VR XR XR ZB ZB ZT ZT Note: Tech updates, investments, funding, and new launches have been taken from Jan 2021 till date. Expansions/Definitions Expansions/Definitions The 3rd Generation Partnership Project Fourth generation of broadband cellular network technology Fifth generation of broadband cellular network technology Sixth generation of broadband cellular network technology Seventh generation of broadband cellular network technology Eight generation of broadband cellular network technology Advanced Artificial Intelligence Augmented Reality Electronic Communications, Postal and Print media distribution Regulatory Authority Alliance for Telecommunication Industry Solutions Brain Computer Interface Billion Central Blockchain Council of America Coronavirus Disease 2019 Complementary Metal–oxide–semiconductor Control Plane and User Plane Separation Exabytes Enhanced Mobile Broadband Federal Communications Commission Future Generation Gigabytes Gigabits per second Gigahertz Global Mobile Supplier Association Integrated Circuit International Data Corporation The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Information and Communications Technology Indium phosphide Internet of Everything Internet of Senses Internet of Things Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Machine Learning Million Mixed Reality Ministry of Science and ICT Next Generation New Radio National Science Foundation Nanyang Technological University Original Equipment Manufacturer Research & Development Reduced capability Resilient and Intelligent NextG Systems Silicon–germanium Terabits Per Second' Terahertz Trillion United States United States Dollar Ultra-reliable Low Latency Communications Vehicle to Everything Virtual Reality Extended Reality Zettabytes Zero Trust gen 11

12. About the Authors Shikha Chouhan, • Research Analyst, Research Shikha has over three years of experience in market research across ICT, telecom, and banking sectors. Her role involves conducting extensive primary and secondary research and concluding meaningful business insights. Prior to SG Analytics, she has worked with a market research and consulting company and has exposure to developing market research reports containing industry insights, estimating, sizing, and forecasting. company profile analysis, market Sharada Panchal, • Senior Research Analyst, Research Sharada has over nine years of experience in business consulting and custom research across telecom, ICT, retail, banking, and energy sectors. She has handled consulting projects for telecom vendors with extensive secondary and primary research. Her role involves supporting strategic teams of telecom clients. Prior to SG Analytics, she has worked with a market research and consulting company and has exposure to working with a global clientele base. Disclaimer This document makes descriptive reference to trademarks that may be owned by others. The use of such trademarks herein is not an assertion of ownership of such trademarks by SG Analytics (SGA) and is not intended to represent or get commercially benefited from it or imply the existence of an association between SGA and the lawful owners of such trademarks. Information regarding third-party products, services and organizations was obtained from publicly available sources, and SGA cannot confirm the accuracy or reliability of such sources or information. Its inclusion does not imply an endorsement by or of any third party. Copyright © 2022 SG Analytics Pvt. Ltd. www.sganalytics.com New York | Seattle | San Francisco | Austin | London | Zurich | Pune | Hyderabad | Bengaluru | Toronto 12