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Chapter 9: Primate Intelligence

Chapter 9: Primate Intelligence. What is Intelligence? Environment or Social living? Social Intelligence. Brain to Body Weight Across Species. Food or Social Interactions?. If it is about seasonal foods like fruits, why aren’t Toucans smarter than baboons? Ice Age Temp Fluctuations?.

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Chapter 9: Primate Intelligence

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  1. Chapter 9: Primate Intelligence • What is Intelligence? • Environment or Social living? • Social Intelligence

  2. Brain to Body Weight Across Species

  3. Food or Social Interactions?

  4. If it is about seasonal foods like fruits, why aren’t Toucans smarter than baboons? • Ice Age Temp Fluctuations?

  5. Food and Intelligence • Tastes • Meat: • Rich source of nutrition by weight • Few or little poisons • “Man the Hunter” (Lee and DeVore). • Geographic spread • Meat for sex: marriage • Reciprocity: “The Sex Contract” (Helen Fisher) • Meat for kids: family • Kin-Selection

  6. Meat for friends: coalitions/politics • Hunting Return Variance problem • Risk sharing and Reciprocal Altruism • Meat for status • Trophies and Showing off • Other hunting adaptations • Optimal foraging strategies • More in Chapter 18 • Vegetables don’t have minds • Cost and benefits • Weapon use • Perhaps music?

  7. Plants • Largest contribution to diet • Other primates • “Women the Gatherer” • Less risky than hunting • Less travel distances • Roots (Wrangham) • Baboons • Sex differences in spatial abilities

  8. Sexual division of labor is a human parenting strategy based on reciprocity • Implies a contract between men and women • Monogamy and Fatherhood (Human Universals) • Apes to Hunters and Gatherers • Savannah are dispersed and low density • High childhood mortality • Need Father to provision and protect • Household based economies • Central Place Foraging pattern • Sharing between households • Networks of households • Lineage based social groups (patrilocality) • Which came first?

  9. Social Intelligence • Kovu is using strategic intelligence • Triadic Awareness • Kovu for Congress • Are Ants Intelligent? • Large Coalitions, Complex Division of Labor, Agriculture, Domestication, Slavery, Warfare, and Architecture • They solved the Cooperation Problem • All share same reproductive interests r = 1 • Changes the payoff matrix so that there is only one solution • Defecting is like defecting on oneself

  10. Sexually reproducing individuals require social intelligence to form and maintain Coalitions • Ability to make complex social cost-benefit calculations • Recognize individuals and keep track of interaction histories • Recognize and measure units of cost and benefits • Template for Reciprocal Altruism (c<bw) • Tit-for-tat (golden rule) strategies • Social Contract theory (Chapter 18) • Trust • Triadic Awareness • Theory of Mind • Theory of other minds • Consciousness • Manipulation and counter-manipulation arms race

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