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Characteristics of Waves

Characteristics of Waves. Chapter 15, pages 472-492. What are Waves?. A wave is a disturbance that transfers energy from place to place Waves travel through a material called a medium. Waves that require a medium to travel through are called mechanical waves. What are Waves?.

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Characteristics of Waves

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  1. Characteristics of Waves Chapter 15, pages 472-492

  2. What are Waves? • A wave is a disturbance that transfers energy from place to place • Waves travel through a material called a medium. • Waves that require a medium to travel through are called mechanical waves.

  3. What are Waves? • Waves are created when a source of energy causes a medium to vibrate. • A vibration is a repeated back-and-forth or up-and –down motion.

  4. Classification of Waves • Wave are classified according to how they move. • Types of waves: 1. Transverse 2. Longitudinal 3. Surface

  5. Transverse Wave • In transverse waves, the particles of the medium move perpendicular in the direction of the wave. • Parts of the transverse wave: • Crest • Trough • Wavelength • Amplitude

  6. Longitudinal Wave • In longitudinal waves, the particles of the wave move parallel to direction of the wave movement. • Parts of the wave: • Compressions • Rarefactions • Wavelength

  7. Surface Wave • Surface waves occur at the boundary between two mediums and are a combination of transverse and longitudinal waves.

  8. A transverse wave….. • Vibrates particles perpendicular to the direction of wave • Vibrates particles parallel to the direction of the wave • Vibrates both parallel and perpendicular to the direction of the wave • Vibrates particles in one direction • I don’t get it.

  9. Properties of Waves • The basic properties of waves are amplitude, wavelength, frequency, and speed.

  10. Amplitude • Amplitude is the maximum distance the particles of the medium carrying the wave move away from their rest position. • Measured from crest to resting position.

  11. Wavelength • Wavelength is the distance between corresponding parts of a wave. • Wavelength is measured from crest to crest.

  12. Frequency • Frequency of a wave is the number of complete waves that pass a given point in a certain amount of time. • Frequency is measured in hertz.

  13. Wave Speed • Wave speed is how far the wave travels in one unit of time, or distance divided by time.

  14. Mathematical Relationship • The speed, wavelength, and frequency of a wave are related to each other by a mathematical formula: Speed=wavelength x frequency

  15. In the diagram, identify the wave property “A” • Frequency • Amplitude • Wavelength • I don’t know

  16. Interaction of Waves • When waves interact, three things can happen to the waves: • Reflect • Refract • Diffract

  17. Reflection • Reflection happens when waves bounce off of a barrier. • The angle of incidence is the angle between the incoming wave and the imaginary perpendicular line. • The angle of reflection is the angle between the reflected wave and the imaginary perpendicular line.

  18. Law of Reflection • The angle of reflection is equal to the angle of incidence.

  19. Refraction • Refraction occurs as the wave go between different mediums. • The speed of a wave changes as the medium changes. • The change in speed of the wave causes the waves to bend.

  20. Diffraction • Diffraction is the bending of waves as the waves go through a small opening or around a corner. • As the wave goes through the hole or around the corner, it spreads out and bends.

  21. Interference • Interference occurs as two or more waves interact. • Constructive interference happens when waves meet and the amplitude increases. • Destructive interference happens when waves meet and the amplitude decreases.

  22. Standing Waves • Standing waves form as the original wave is interfered with by the reflected wave. • The standing wave has a node and an antinode.

  23. Review Questions • What do we call the transfer of energy from place to place? • (wave) • What do we call the material through which waves travel? • (medium) • When the medium _______________, a wave is created. • (vibrate) • How are waves classified? • (how they move)

  24. Review Questions • The highest part of a transverse wave is called the _______________. • (crest) • The lowest part of a transverse wave is called the _______________. • (trough) • What type of wave travels parallel to the direction of the wave travel? • (longitudinal) • What type of wave travels perpendicular to the direction of the wave travel? • (transverse)

  25. Review Questions • What type of waves is on top of a pond or lake? • (surface) • What property of a wave is the maximum distance that particles of the medium move from resting position? • (amplitude) • What do we call the distance between two corresponding parts of a wave? • (wavelength) • In what units is frequency measured? • (hertz)

  26. Review Questions • What is the mathematical relationship between speed of a wave, frequency and wavelength? • (speed = wavelength x frequency) • When a wave hits a barrier and bounces back, it is called _______________. • (reflection) • When a wave bends because it changes speed as it travels through different mediums, it is called _______________. • (refraction) • When a wave bends as it travels around the edge of a barrier it is called _______________. • (diffraction)

  27. Review Questions • The interaction between two waves is called ________________. • (interference) • Waves combine to make a wave of larger amplitude is called ______________. • (constructive interference) • Waves combine to make a wave of lower or no amplitude is called _______________. • (destructive interference) • What type of wave are two waves that interfere with each other as they pass each other? • (standing)

  28. Review Questions • What occurs when the vibration matches the natural frequency of the object? • (resonance) • What are the highest and lowest points called on a standing wave? • (antinodes) • What are the points of zero amplitude called on a standing wave? • (nodes) • What type of waves does an earthquake produce? • (seismic)

  29. Review Questions • Longitudinal seismic waves are called _______________. • (primary) • Transverse seismic waves are called _______________. • (secondary) • Which type of seismic wave causes the most damage? • (surface) • Which seismic wave is the fastest? • (primary)

  30. Review Questions • What type of waves requires a medium to pass through? • (mechanical) • What name is given to the waves produce by underwater earthquakes? • (tsunamis) • What machine measures ground movement? • (seismograph) • What scale is used to measure the magnitude of seismic waves? • (Richter)

  31. Review Questions • What are the areas of a longitudinal wave where the waves are close together? • (compressions) • What are the areas of a longitudinal wave where the waves are far apart? • (rarefactions) • What is the angle defined by an incoming wave and the imaginary perpendicular line? • (angle of incidence) • What is the angle defined by a reflected wave and the imaginary perpendicular line? • (angle of reflection)

  32. Review Questions • What is the relationship between the angle of incidence and the angle of reflection? • (they are equal to each other)

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