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How Nutrients Become You

How Nutrients Become You. Six Nutrient Groups Carbohydrates Fats Proteins Vitamins Minerals Water. Chemistry of Nutrition. Elements-simplest substances Matter-takes up space; is measurable Molecule smallest amount of substance with characteristics of the substance

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How Nutrients Become You

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  1. How Nutrients Become You • Six Nutrient Groups • Carbohydrates • Fats • Proteins • Vitamins • Minerals • Water

  2. Chemistry of Nutrition • Elements-simplest substances • Matter-takes up space; is measurable • Molecule • smallest amount of substance with characteristics of the substance • made of two or more atoms bonded together COMPOUND is formed when atoms of different elements are bonded together

  3. Functions of Nutrients • Build and repair body tissues • Growth spurts, injuries, illness • Regulate body processes • Circulation, digestion, absorption, metabolism • Provide energy • Fuel • Carbs and fats

  4. Energy Value of Food • Kilocalorie-amount of heat required to raise one kilogram of water one degree Celsius • Kilocalorie=Calories • Fats=9 calories/gm • Carbohydrates=4 calories/gm • Protein=4 calories/gm • Alcohol=7 calories/gm (no nutrient value!)

  5. The Process of Digestion • Body breaks down food into simpler substances • Mechanical Digestion-chewing… • Chemical Digestion • Enzymes (protein) cause chemical reactions • GI Tract-25-30’ (mouth to anus) • 5-14 hours from mouth to sm. intestine

  6. Components of GI tract • Mouth-mastication, saliva • Esophagus (10 “) • parallels trachea (epiglottis) • Peristalsis-moves food through • Stomach (3 hours-fats take longest) • Gastric juices: HCl, enzymes, mucous • Chyme • Pepsin begins protein breakdown

  7. GI con’d • Small Intestine (95% digestion occurs here) • 20’ long when stretched…1” diameter • Duodenum(12”) • Jejunum (4 ‘) • Ileum (5 ‘) • Large Intestine (colon) • Little digestion • Water reabsorption • Bacteria work on fiber • Feces pass through rectum and anus

  8. Absorption of Nutrients • Passage of nutrients from digestive to circulatory and lymphatic systems • Water soluble nutrients • Amino acids, monosaccharides, minerals, vitamin C, B vitamins • Fat soluble nutrients • Vitamins A, D, E, K, fatty acids, glycerol, monoglycerides

  9. Metabolism • Chemical changes producing energy • Energy stored in muscles-adenosine triphosphate (ATP) • Waste products from cell metabolism discarded through • Kidneys • Lungs • Skin

  10. Factors Affecting Digestion • Eating habits • Emotions • Food allergies • Physical exercise

  11. Digestive Disorders • Diarrhea • Constipation • Indigestion • Heartburn (GERD) • Ulcer • Gallstones • Diverticulosis

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