CH 1 Review Game: History and Approaches

1. CH 1 Review Game:History and Approaches

2. You are at a lecture about the history of psychology and the speaker states that Wilhelm Wundt’s theory of structuralism was the first scientific psychological theory. On what historical fact might the speaker be basing her or his argument? • Wundt was internationally known at the time, and this lent credence to his theory in the scientific community • Wundt studied under Ivan Pavlov for his graduate training, and Pavlov required scientific methods to be used • Structuralism was based on the results of his introspection experiments, so it is, at least in part, empirical • Structuralism was based on careful anecdotes gathered from Wundt’s extensive clinical career • Wundt was not the first person to derive a scientific psychological theory

3. 25 Sigmund Freud’s theory of the unconscious mind: • Was revolutionary because it was the first comprehensive explanation of human thought and behavior • Resulted from discoveries about the human brain obtained by cadaver dissection • Is outdated and has no relevance for modern psychology • Focused entirely on human males’ sex drive • Depends on the idea that humans can remember events but not be consciously aware of the memory

4. 25 In what ways might a behaviorist disagree with a cognitive psychologist about the cause of aggression? • A behaviorist might state that aggression is caused by memories or ways we think about aggressive behavior, while a cognitive psychologist might say aggression is caused by past repressed experience • A behaviorist might state that aggression is a behavior encouraged by our genetic code, while a cognitive psychologist might state that aggression is caused by memories or ways we think about aggressive behavior • A behaviorist might state that aggression is caused by past rewards for aggressive behavior, while a cognitive psychologist might believe aggression is caused by an expressed desire to fulfill certain life needs • A behaviorist might state that aggression is caused by past rewards for aggressive behavior, while a cognitive psychologist might believe aggression is caused by memories or ways we think about aggressive behavior • A behaviorist would not disagree with a cognitive psychologist about aggression because they both believe that aggressive behavior is caused by the way we cognitively process certain behaviors

5. Dr. Marco explains to a client that his feelings of hostility towards a coworker are most likely caused by the way the client interprets the coworker’s actions and the way he thinks that people should behave at work. Dr. Marco is most likely working from what perspective? • Behavioral • Cognitive • Psychoanalytic • Humanist • Social-cultural

6. The research methodology Wilhelm Wundt used is called: • Introspection • Structuralism • Naturalistic observation • Inferential statistics • Scientific method

7. Which of the following psychologists wrote the first psychology textbook? • William James • Wilhelm Wundt • B.F. Skinner • John Watson • Albert Bandura

8. Which of the following psychologists was part of the Gestalt group of psychologists? • Carl Rogers • Wilhelm Wundt • B.F. Skinner • John Watson • Max Wertheimer

9. B.F. Skinner introduced this idea to the paradigm of psychology: • Unconscious thinking • Reinforcement • Conditioning • Defense mechanisms • Introspection

10. John Watson relied on the pioneering work of this man in establishing behaviorism as an approach to psychology: • B.F. Skinner • Wilhelm Wundt • William James • Ivan Pavlov • Sigmund Freud

11. Which of the following psychologists would describe himself as being humanist? • B.F. Skinner • William James • Abraham Maslow • John Watson • Ivan Pavlov

12. Symbolic dream analysis might be an important research technique to a psychologist from which of the following perspectives? • Behaviorist • Biopsychologist • Psychoanalytic • Evolutionary • Structuralist

13. Behaviorists explain human thought and behavior as a result of: • Past conditioning • Unconscious behavioral impulses • Natural selection • Biological processes • Individual choice

14. Dr. Didden was hired by the TLC Company to help them retain their employees without lowering the firm’s profits. After TLC removed cubicles and permitted employees to decorate their workroom as recommended by Dr. Didden, the absentee rate declined and no employees left for jobs elsewhere. Dr. Didden is most likely to be: • A forensic psychologist • An industrial/organizational psychologist • A counseling psychologist • A clinical psychologist • An engineering psychologist

15. Which psychological approach is most concerned with the importance of encoding, storing, and retrieving information? • Information technology • Behavioral approach • Psychodynamic approach • Biological approach • Cognitive approach

16. The question “Is intelligence more influenced by heredity or experience?” deals with a big issue in psychology known as: • Stability vs. Change • Mind-body dualism • Rationality vs. Irrationality • Structure vs. function • Nature vs. nurture

17. If Aristotle and Locke, who both believed that what we know is acquired from experience, were alive today, they would best agree with the: • Behavioral approach • Psychoanalytic approach • Humanistic approach • Biological approach • Psychodynamic approach

18. With which definition of psychology would John Watson and B.F. Skinner most agree? • Psychology is the science of behavior • Psychology is the science of mental processes • Psychology is the science of behavior and mental processes • Psychology is the science of behavior and mental processes specific to contexts • Psychology is purely research based

19. The evolutionary approach emphasizes changes in behavior: • Resulting from cloning • Resulting from changes in chromosome number • On the species level • Within cultural groups • That show how behavior of monkeys compares to behavior or people

20. Dr. Hernandez believes that poverty lies at the root of most of her inner-city clients’ mental illnesses. This perspective is best labeled: • Humanistic • Sociocultural • Biomedical • Cognitive • Behavioral

21. In the nature vs. nurture debate, nature is most closely associated with: • Environment • Culture • Learning • Temperament • Family

22. 25 What makes the psychoanalytic perspective different from the other psychological perspectives? • Psychoanalysts focus on the unconscious mind • Psychoanalysis relies on the scientific method • The process of psychoanalysis takes a long time and is focused on individuals, not groups • The research psychoanalysis is based on primarily involves people with psychological disorders • Psychoanalysis is the only perspective to involve treatment of psychological disorders

23. Team Scores