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Improving social inclusion through employment participation

Improving social inclusion through employment participation. Michael Keating, Wendy Riemens and Caroline Smith. Slow growth masks rising female and declining male participation. Workforce Participation, per cent (various years). Reduced male employment participation across different ages.

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Improving social inclusion through employment participation

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  1. Improving social inclusion through employment participation Michael Keating, Wendy Riemens and Caroline Smith

  2. Slow growth masks rising female and declining male participation Workforce Participation, per cent (various years)

  3. Reduced male employment participation across different ages Male Employment Participation Ratios

  4. Divergence of production and service industry employment Proportion of all employed people in the production and services industries, 1966-2011 Source: ABS Australian Social Trends (Cat. no. 4102.0) and ABS Labour Force Historical Time Series, Australia cat. no. 6204.0.55.001), ABS Labour Force, Australia, Detailed, Quarterly (cat. no. 6291.0.55.003).

  5. High levels of gender segregation – expanding industries feminised Employment by industry, Males and Females, aged 20-74, 2009-10 (%) Source: ABS 4125.0 Gender Indicators, Australia, Jul 2011. Table 3 Employment by industry, 20-74 years, 2009-10.

  6. Jobs are increasingly ‘white collar’ Proportion of all employed people in the blue and white collar occupations, 1966-2011 Source: ABS Australian Social Trends (Cat. no. 4102.0) Dec 2011. Data source: ABS Labour Force Historical Timeseries, Australia (cat. no. 6204.0.55.001), ABS Labour Force, Australia, Detailed, Quarterly (cat. no. 6291.0.55.003).

  7. Fastest growth in managerial and professional occupations Employment by occupation, August 1996 and August 2012 Source: ABS (Cat No. 6291.0.55.003) Labour Force, Australia, Detailed, Quarterly Table 07 Employed Persons by Occupation and Sex

  8. Education matters to participation Labour force participation and non-school educational qualifications, age 15-64, May 2011

  9. Male participation strongly influenced by qualifications across age groups Participation rates by age, educational attainment and gender Source: Kennedy, S. and Headley, D., 2003:34

  10. Female participation increasing across education cohorts

  11. Low participation rates of early school leavers Labour force status by highest level of education attainment, 15-64 year olds, living in households in 2003

  12. Women are increasingly educated Attainment of a vocational or higher education qualification, Males and Females Source: 1370.0 - Measures of Australia's Progress, 2010. (Data Source: ABS data available on request, 2009 Survey of Education and Work; ABS data available on request, 1999 Transition from Education to Work Survey.)

  13. Where you live matters Male Average Employment-Population Ratios, 1976 and 1991 Source: Gregory, R and Hunter, B, (1995) ‘The macro economy and the growth of ghettos and urban poverty in Australia’, Discussion Paper No. 325, Economics Program, Research School of Social Sciences, Australian National University. 

  14. Mind the gap: High income households increasingly educated Highest level of qualification of reference person in household, all households and households in top decile Source: Vu, Quoc Ngu, Harding, Anne and Percival, Richard (2008) A Growing Gap? Trends in Economic Wellbeing at the Top of the Spectrum in Australia, Paper prepared for the 30th General Conference of the International Association for Research in Income and Wealth, Portoroz, Slovenia, August 24-30, 2008.

  15. Unemployment varies by location Selected full-time unemployment rates by age group and labour force region, August 2012 Source: DEEWR Labour Market Information Portal, from ABS Labour Force Survey. ABS Labour Force Survey estimates at the regional level, particularly for teenage unemployment, are subject to high levels of sampling error, and as such should be used with caution.

  16. Which skills are most needed? • Core skill requirements • Foundation skills • Certificate level qualifications

  17. How to impart those skills? • The role of community-based organisations • Training linked to a job • Wrap around supporting services • Collaborative training and employment models • Building Family Opportunities (BFO)

  18. Concluding comments

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