Tuesday: 100 point test (30 points written, 70 points multiple choice)

1. Tuesday: 100 point test (30 points written, 70 points multiple choice) Pages you can cross out from your packet 47, 53-55, 63

2. Atoms and Molecules Structure of Matter Bonds Chem. reactions Photosynthesis How plants use the sun’s energy to make stored sugar Leaf structure Chloroplasts

4. The ULTIMATE source of energy for all living things….

5. Using the products of photosynthesis • Plants and animals use the glucose (carbs) produced • Plants have tissues to transport glucose throughout plant (phloem) • Plants also make cellulose, giving plant support/structure • Plants store carbs in starch, which we eat in corn, potatoes, wheat, etc.

6. Digestion How we break down matter to use it as energy Enzymes Biomolecules What food is broken down into and used for Ex. Proteins are broken down into amino acids

7. Cellular Respiration • Cells using oxygen to make useable energy from food • Occurs in the cytoplasm and MITOCHONDRIA of the cell • Aerobic vs. anaerobic

9. Photosynthesis ReactionLight energy + 6C02+ 6H20--> C6H12O6 + 6O2REACTANTS --> PRODUCTS

10. Autotrophs: makes its own food through photosynthesis Examples? Trees, flowers, grass • Heterotrophs: eat others to get food Examples? Humans, lions, bugs

11. Autotroph or heterotroph?

12. 3) In the top half of the mesophyll layer called the palisade because that is where the most chloroplasts are

13. Leaf Structure

14. 4. Chloroplasts

16. 5. Chlorophyll- absorbs light

22. Products of photosynthesis?A. C6H1206- stored by plant.- Eaten by Heterotrophs- used by plant for cell respirationB. O2- waste released into airUsed for cell respiration

23. Importance to photosynthesis • Mesophyll- contains chloroplasts, the site of photosynthesis • Stomata: holes in the bottom of the leaf that allow water, carbon dioxide and oxygen to pass through • Guard cells: open and close depending on the conditions of the environment • Vein: carry water and nutrients throughout plant

24. Guard cells • http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/labbench/lab9/stomamov.html

25. Why do leafs change color in the fall? • As summer ends and autumn comes, the days get shorter and shorter. This is how the trees "know" to begin getting ready for winter.

26. Along with the green pigment are yellow to orange pigments, carotenes and xanthophyll pigments which, for example, give the orange color to a carrot. • Most of the year these colors are masked by great amounts of green coloring.

28. Leaf color comes from pigments. Pigments are natural substances produced by leaf cells. The three pigments that color leaves are: • chlorophyll (green) • carotenoid (yellow, orange, and brown) • anthocyanins (red) • Chlorophyll is the most important of the three. Without the chlorophyll in leaves, trees wouldn't be able to use sunlight to produce food. • Carotenoid create bright yellows and oranges in familiar fruits and vegetables. Corn, carrots, and bananas are just a few of the many plants colored by carotenoid. • Anthocyanins add the color red to plants, including cranberries, red apples, cherries, strawberries and others.

29. Chlorophyll and carotenoid are in leaf cells all the time during the growing season. But the chlorophyll covers the carotenoid -- that's why summer leaves are green, not yellow or orange. Most anthocyanins are produced only in autumn, and only under certain conditions. Not all trees can make anthocyanins.

30. SO what happens? • During Fall: changes in the length of daylight and changes in temperature • leaves stop their food-making process. • The chlorophyll breaks down, the green color disappears, and the yellow to orange colors become visible and give the leaves part of their fall splendor

32. At the same time other chemical changes may occur, which form additional colors through the development of red anthocyanin pigments. • Some mixtures give rise to the reddish and purplish fall colors of trees such as dogwoods and sumacs, while others give the sugar maple its brilliant orange.

33. The autumn foliage of some trees show only yellow colors. Others, like many oaks, display mostly browns. All these colors are due to the mixing of varying amounts of the chlorophyll residue and other pigments in the leaf during the fall season.