Jan van der Valk eurca / NCA (j.b.f.vanderValk@vet.uu.nl)

1. Alternatives in education: the role of information supply Jan van der Valkeurca / NCA (j.b.f.vanderValk@vet.uu.nl)

2. Attitude The successful implementation of the Three Rs heavily depends upon the education and training of those persons involved in research and testing. The Three Rs: The Way Forward The Report and Recommendations ofECVAM Workshop 11 ATLA23, 838-866.

3. Motives to develop and use Three Rs models in education • Didactics – pedagogical • Economics • Law - regulations • Ethics – attitude (education)

4. Attitude directed by: • Intrinsic value • Respect for animals • 3Rs – Replacement Reduction Refinement

5. Attitude building • Course on laboratory science • Ethical introduction to animal labs • Use of alternatives, where possible

6. Article 25 • Procedures referred to in paragraph 1 of this article shall be restricted to thoseabsolutely necessaryfor the purpose of the education or training concerned and be permitted only if their objectivecannot be achieved by comparably effective audio-visual or any other suitable methods. • EUROPEAN CONVENTION FOR THE PROTECTION OF VERTEBRATE ANIMALS USED FOR EXPERIMENTAL AND OTHER SCIENTIFIC PURPOSES

7. Source of alternatives - 1 • other teachers; • from students who choose not to participate in animal experiments, and who find their own alternative exercises; • by developing alternatives themselves, either alone or with others within their institutions; • through conferences and trade fairs;

8. Source of alternatives - 2 • through educational material marketing resources; • from outreach tours e.g., InterNICHE, EURCA, and publications; • through loan programs from various institutions and organisations (InterNICHE); • from databases, e.g., NORINA, AVAR, EURCA.

9. NORINA http://www.norinadatabase.org Matches Found:38 2 Terms: dissection, frog AVAR's Alternatives in Education Database http://www.avar.org/ Matches Found:169 2 Terms: dissection, frog

10. NORINA information Acupuncture Points of the Equine, Part IRecord number: 5550Category: MedicineType: DVD and Video FilmDescription: The author of this videofilm …….Comments & References:  Item number 273.   Running time, Part I: 30 minutes. English language. Available in ………Price: Library in Oslo: Free of charge; Redwing:Part I & II: US$25.00; Version: 1999Author: Judith M. ShoemakerSuppliers: Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, The Library

11. AVAR information Title: Alternatives to Dissection Packet Medium: information Discipline: anatomy, dissection Species: amphibian, bird, cat, dog, frog, mink, mouse, Educational level: high school (secondary school), Cost (US default): Source: National Association for Humane and ….. Catalog: URL: http://www.nahee.org/publications.htm Notes: Illustration: Updated: 3/15/2000

12. ECVAM workshop 33

13. Workshop conclusion 7 • Factors contributing to limited use of alternatives: • lack of evaluated alternatives • lack of interest from teachers • resistance to change • lack of multiple-language versions • lack of information

14. Workshop recomm. 8 Databases should contain more comprehensive information: • - contact details • - target audience • -independent evaluation of the material • - description • - advice on use • - availability

15. eurca european resource centre foralternatives in higher education

16. eurca Project managers Dr. David DewhurstDirector of Learning Technology – Univ. of Edinburgh Dr. Jan van der ValkNCA – Fac. Vet. Med. – Utrecht Univ.

17. eurca Aim: Establishing a collection of alternatives and making these available to teachers (and students)

18. eurcanl A collection of alternative methods is established. Collect, describe, categorise and demonstrate alternatives

19. eurcanl • Collecting alternatives • Collecting descriptions • Collecting reviews • Collecting comments on models (lecturers, students) • Demonstrating models

20. eurcaNl and UK • Taking the resource centre to relevant scientific meetings where it would function as a drop-in advice centre for teachers.

21. eurcaUK Maintaining an Internet website with: • an expanded information database on alternatives, • demonstration versions of alternatives, • evaluations, • links to users. http://www.eurca.org

22. eurca Anaesthesia – 9 Anatomy – 11 Animal behaviour – 7 Biochemistry – 5 Dissection – 10 Experim. design – 2 Laboratory An. Sc.- 16 Pharmacology – 26 Physiology – 24 Surgery - 9

23. eurca information • Resource Type: • Language: Description: • Target Group: • List of Contents: • Learning Objectives: • Replaces Animal Experiment: • Notes on teaching use: • Preparation Time: • Demo Available: • Further Information: • Norina Reference: InterNICHE Loan Item: • Listed In Alternatives databases: • Purchasing Info: Supplier: Price: Full ordering information

24. Review • Summary • Comparison to wetlab • Practical use • Contribution to 3Rs • Applicability • Visual appearance • Provider service

25. Who are going to use EURCA? • Teachers • Students • Animal Ethics Committees

26. InterNICHE (www.interniche.org) Book description 400 modelsOutreach toursLoan system AVAR and NORINA Large number of models in searchable database (4000 and 5000)

27. eurca • Collection of alternatives • Outreach tours • Limited number of alternatives in database, but with extended information

28. Thank you for your attention!