Technology Needs Assessment-Botswana Experience – Bangkok, Thailand

1. Technology Needs Assessment-Botswana Experience – Bangkok, Thailand Balisi Gopolang Climate Change Secretariat -Botswana

2. Background • Botswana ratified the UNFCCC in 1994 • 2001 submission of the INC to the UNFCCC • INC offered opportunities for policy refinement. • INC sells national opportunities for foreign and local investment for safeguarding the environment.

3. Background (Cont.) • The TNA for Botswana was undertaken in 2004 by consultants. • Objective of the TNA to identify and assess environmentally sound technologies . • These technologies to have synergy between reducing impacts of CC and GHG emissions in Botswana with National Development objectives

4. Specific Objectives • Assess past efforts (INC) to identify GHG mitigation technologies and adaptation measures in critical economic and vulnerable sectors. • Define priority sectors for which technologies are needed. • Identify suitable technologies that mitigate GHG emissions, their sources, cost-effectiveness, barriers to adoption and adaptation/mitigation potential. • Review Government national policies. • Investigate social acceptability of some technologies.

5. Methodology • Secondary data collection involved review of past literature on: • V &A in Water and Agriculture • Mitigation studies in both energy and non-energy sector. • BINC • Vision 2016, NDPs, sectoral policies, projects and programmes. • Best practices in Botswana and other countries in relation to integrating CC programmes NDPs.

6. Methodology (cont) • Primary data entailed: • Interviews of Govt policy / decision makers • Interview of users and potential users of recycled/treated water. • Consultation with technology suppliers in and outside • Workshop of Govt decision makers, technology providers and other experts.

7. TNA--Energy • Energy contributes to National GDP, as it is input to all production facilities and is a basic welfare need. • Overview of energy • Coal • Wood • Petroleum • Electricity • Solar

8. Energy technologies identified • Solar: PV, Cooling, Passive Designs, Cooking, Water Pumping, Solar Water Heating, Thermal Electricity Generation. • Biomass: Wood Chip Briquetting, Elephant Grass • Biogas: Sewerage, Slaughterhouse, Household, Landfill • Biofuel: Jetropha • Coal: Coal washing, coal bed methane • Energy Efficiency: CFL, Passive Solar Designs, Energy Management Systems • Other: Decentralized Generation, LPG, Fuel Cells, Modern Wind Technologies, Hybrid Systems

9. Barriers • High capital costs • Lack of expertise in the country. • Lack of confidence in some of the new technologies. • Lack of raw materials • Lack of infrastructure • Lack of info and fear Jetropha could be a weed and degrade the rangeland

10. Water • Wastewater Treatment: technologies are: Activated Sludge, Percolating Filter, Bio Contactors, Stabilization Ponds, Constructed Wetlands, Lime/Limestone, Vacuum Sewerage • Water Treatment: Reverse Osmosis, Polymer Technology, Demineralization • Rain Water Harvesting: Ground Catchment Tank, Roof Catchment Tank

11. Barriers • Expensive • Lack of knowledge • Social acceptability of recycled water

12. Agriculture • Livestock: Reducing Livestock Numbers, Animal Productivity, Ionophores, Probiotics, Manipulating Nutrient Composition, Animal Breeding, Livestock Methane Vaccine • Tillage: Conservation Tillage, Soil Carbon Uptake, Tractor Operation and Selection • Usage of Variety with short growing period crops

13. Barriers • Reluctance to reduce numbers • Lack of knowledge and information

14. WHERE WE ARE TODAY • Several municipal sewerage works running on methane • CBM being extracted • Water recycling being done mainly for irrigation • Coal washing being implemented • Solar water heaters being promoted • Small scale solar power stations available and being promoted • Some policies being reviewed. • Non Motorized Transport project implemented. • Ministry of Agric. Working on coming up with more drought resilient crops.

15. Thank you