Evaluation of dosage form

1. Evaluation of different dosages form in addition to drug delivery system Submitted By: 151115

2. Dosage Forms Dosage forms (also called unit doses) are pharmaceutical drug products in the form in which they are marketed for use, with a specific mixture of active ingredients and inactive components (excipients), in a particular configuration (such as a capsule shell, for example), and apportioned into a particular dose. For example, two products may both be amoxicillin, but one is in 500 mg capsules and another is in 250 mg chewable tablets. Ointment Tablet Capsule Suppositories

3. Tablets A tablet is a pharmaceutical dosage form. Tablets may be defined as the solid unit dosage form of medicament or medicaments with or without suitable excipients and prepared either by molding or by compression. According to BP or USP

4. Evaluation of Tablet

5. Evaluation of Tablet

6. Capsule Capsule is the most versatile of all dosage forms. Capsules are solid dosage forms in which one or more medicinal and inert ingredients are enclosed in a small shell or container usually made of gelatin. According to BP or USP

8. Evaluation of Capsules

9. Suppositories A suppository is a solid dosage form that is inserted into the rectum (rectal suppository), vagina (vaginal suppository), or urethra (urethral suppository), where it dissolves or melts and exerts local or systemic effects. Suppositories are used to deliver both systemically and locally acting medications.

11. Ointment ointment (plural ointments) (medicine) A viscous preparation of oils and/or fats, usually containing medication, used as a treatment or as an emollient.

13. Spectrophotometric determination of Paracetamol tablets This involved the estimation of the percent of paracetamol drug in some manufactured tablets in Iraqi markets using UV spectroscopy method by determining the active ingredient in ten different samples of tablets and comparisons with standard material of paracetamol. The process was conducted using different solvent (water, water – methanol mixture 95:5 v/v, water – methanol mixture 90:10 v/v, water – ethanol mixture 95:5 v/v and water – ethanol mixture 90:10 v/v). The results of tablets weighing indicate that there is a significant difference in weight of the tablets with RSD ranged from (0.53 – 4.89). The percentage recovery for different solvents were found to be ranged between (98.19 – 104.16) and RSD ranged from (0.101 – 0.422). The methods were linear in the range of 1 – 30 mg/L with an R2 of (0.9994, 0.9989, 0.9990, 0.9997 and 0.9998) for water, methanol and ethanol respectively with a maximum absorbance at 243 nm. Linearity was determined by the regression analysis. The accuracy of the method was validated by mean percentage recovery, which was found to be in the acceptable range of 99 ‐101.2%. The results compare favorably with those of official methods (PDF) Spectrophotometric.

14. Advanced Drug Delivery System Sustain released drug delivery system Sustained-release dosage forms are dosage forms designed to release (liberate) a drug at a predetermined rate in order to maintain a constant drug concentration for a specific period of time with minimum side effects. Sustained Release Drug Delivery System (SRDDS) is designed to release a drug at a predetermined rate by maintaining a constant drug level for a specific period of time with minimum side effects. ... SR of drugs in GI tract following oral administration is not affected by the absorption process.

15. Sustain release processes

16. Microencapsulation Microencapsulation is a process by which very tiny droplets or particles of liquid, solid or even gas material are surrounded or coated with a continuous film of polymeric material. As it is better drug delivery system than conventional drug delivery system with minimum side effect and having targeted action. There are different technique to encapsulate the material by chemical method which includes coacervation method, polymeric-polymeric incompatibility, and physical method which include air suspension method, pan coating, spray drying, and centrifugal extrusion. The main important material used in microencapsulation is core material (which is specified material to be coated) and coating material (which is capable of forming film).since it is applicable in pharma industry, agriculture industry, food industry, construction industry.

18. Time released dosage form Time-release drugs use a special technology to release small amounts of the medication into a person's system over a long period of time. This is also referred to as sustained release, extended release, or controlled release. These Time-released vitamins dissolve more slowly, so they take longer to enter your bloodstream. There is no evidence that shows slower is better for your body, and since time-released supplements are usually more expensive, they'll just end up costing more without offering any benefits and to come in pill form and are simply made to be more potent but dissolve slowly.

19. Researchers invent new drug delivery device to treat diabetes-related vision loss A team of engineers and scientists at the University of British Columbia has developed a device that can be implanted behind the eye for controlled and on-demand release of drugs to treat retinal damage caused by diabetes. Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of vision loss among patients with diabetes. The disease is caused by the unwanted growth of capillary cells in the retina, which in its advanced stages can result in blindness. The novel drug delivery mechanism is detailed in the current issue of Lab on a Chip, a multidisciplinary journal on innovative microfluidic and nanofluidic technologies.

20. Conclusion Drug delivery refers to approaches, formulations, technologies, and systems for transporting a pharmaceutical compound in the body as needed to safely achieve its desired therapeutic effect. It may involve scientific site-targeting within the body, or it might involve facilitating systemic pharmacokinetics; in any case, it is typically concerned with both quantity and duration of drug presence. Drug delivery is often approached via a drug's chemical formulation, but it may also involve medical devices or drug-device combination products. Current efforts in the area of drug delivery include the development of targeted delivery in which the drug is only active in the target area of the body (for example, in cancerous tissues), sustained release formulations in which the drug is released over a period of time in a controlled manner from a formulation, and methods to increase survival of per-oral agents which must pass through the stomach's acidic environment. In order to achieve efficient targeted delivery, the designed system must avoid the host's defense mechanisms and circulate to its intended site of action.