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Acid Base Reactions & Theories

Acid Base Reactions & Theories. Chapter 20 part III. Acid Base Reactions. Acid Anhydrides & water form Acid SO 3 + H 2 O  H 2 SO 4 Acids & Metals form Salt and Hydrogen Gas 2HCl + Mg  H 2 (g) + MgCl 2 Acid & Base Form Salt & Water HNO 3 + KOH  H 2 O + KNO 3

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Acid Base Reactions & Theories

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  1. Acid Base Reactions & Theories Chapter 20 part III

  2. Acid Base Reactions • Acid Anhydrides & water form Acid • SO3 + H2O  H2SO4 • Acids & Metals form Salt and Hydrogen Gas • 2HCl + Mg  H2 (g) + MgCl2 • Acid & Base Form Salt & Water • HNO3 + KOH  H2O + KNO3 • Acid and Carbonates form Carbon dioxide, salt & water • 2HCl + MgCO3  H2O + MgCl2 + CO2

  3. Neutralization reactions

  4. Arrhenius Theory • Arrhenius proposed (1883) that ionic compounds dissociate and can become free ions acting as separate entities in solution.

  5. Arrhenius Theory • ACID: Produces H+1 in WaterBASE: Produces OH-1 in Water • HCl(aq) H+1 + Cl-1HNO3(aq) H+1 + NO3-1NaOH(aq) Na+1 + OH-1NH3(aq) NH4+1 + OH-1

  6. Bronsted/Lowry Theory

  7. Bronsted & Lowry proposed a new acid-base theory in 1923. • ACID:  PROTON DONORBASE: PROTON ACCEPTOR

  8. Also: • Since protons are always transferred in the Arrenhius theory, all Arrhenius acid/base reactions are also Bronsted-Lowry acid/base reactions. Bronsted-Lowry theory expands Arrenhius theory to include any proton transfer (water not required).

  9. Lewis Theory • In 1938 Gilbert Lewis proposed a more general acid base theory.

  10. Lewis Acids • ACID:Accepts pair of electrons for sharingBASE:Donates pair of electrons for sharing

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