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Chapter 3 Lexical & Grammatical Morphology

Chapter 3 Lexical & Grammatical Morphology. Morphology Lane 333. Lexicon & Grammar . ‘actors’: grammatical word form of the LEXEME ACTOR Consider morphemes in ‘act-or-s’ Each morpheme functions differently ‘-s’ reflects the category of NUMBER (plural)

JasminFlorian
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Chapter 3 Lexical & Grammatical Morphology

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  1. Chapter 3Lexical & Grammatical Morphology Morphology Lane 333

  2. Lexicon & Grammar • ‘actors’: grammatical word form of the LEXEME ACTOR • Consider morphemes in ‘act-or-s’ • Each morpheme functions differently • ‘-s’ reflects the category of NUMBER (plural) • ‘-or’ changes verb into noun (performer of the action)

  3. Inflectional Morphology • Inflection (grammatical morphology): the process that builds word-forms of countless lexemes & it builds up paradigms of lexemes • never change the category of the word they are attached to (-s, -ing, -ed) • don’t change the meaning • they are only bound morphemes • grammatical morphemes follow lexical morphemes & come only after the stem

  4. Inflectional suffixes of English • -s 3rd per.sg. present waits • -ed past tense waited • -ing progressive waiting • -en past participle eaten • -s plural chairs • -’s possessive girl’s • -er comparative faster • -est superlative fastest

  5. Derivational morphology • Derivation (Lexical morphology): the process of building up new words by adding morphemes (derivational) that change the meaning, or part of speech of a word • may change the category of the word they are attached to (-ful in ‘beatiful’, -ish in ‘warmish’) • change the meaning • either bound or free • produce lexemes

  6. Exercise 3.3 Which morphemes are lexical & which are grammatical? sparkler benighted detective tympani speeding straightest platypus partly threaded oxen disharmony ghastlier horsebox embolden two-handed servant

  7. Exercise 3.5 Can you segment these words? linguist utilize arrogant alacrity terrify location mechanic democrat

  8. Bound Lexical morphemes • the bits left over are ‘Bound Lexicalmorphemes’; e.g ‘lingu’ • they don’t belong to any lexical category • hard to specify their precise dictionary meaning • ‘bovine’ : ‘bov’ bound lexical morpheme (to do with cattle)

  9. Bound Lexical morphemes • Almost all bound lexical morphemes are of Greek, or Latin origin • used to create words for special purposes (scientific, technological) • Cranberry morphemes: have no other function but to distinguish different types of whatever is indicated by some other morpheme in the word; e.g. (raspberry, cranberry, bilberry) • no meaning except type of berry

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