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Pain & Pain Management

Pain & Pain Management PSYC 4080 Health Psychology Amber M. Henslee, M.S. Meaning of Pain __________ pain Tissue damage to the body Psychological/emotional pain Perception EX: hook through the arm Stages of Pain Acute Pain Short duration Signals us not to do that again!

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Pain & Pain Management

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  1. Pain & Pain Management PSYC 4080 Health Psychology Amber M. Henslee, M.S.

  2. Meaning of Pain • __________ pain • Tissue damage to the body • Psychological/emotional pain • Perception • EX: hook through the arm

  3. Stages of Pain • Acute Pain • Short duration • Signals us not to do that again! • e.g., _______ • Prechronic Pain • Either overcome pain or develops feelings of _________ • Chronic Pain • Long duration • Either from injury or a chronic condition • e.g., lower back

  4. Assessment • Self report • Rating scales, questionnaires • ___________ methods • Behavioral assessment • Physiological measures • ____ (Electromyography) measures muscle tension

  5. McGill Pain Quest.

  6. Pain Rating Scales

  7. What you can observe: Muscle rigidity Tears Grimace Groan Agitation _____________ What they report: Intensity _________ Duration Better or Worse Signs vs. Symptoms

  8. Pain Management Techniques • Relaxation • Biofeedback • Hypnosis • Acupuncture • TENS (____________) • Distraction • Medication - __________ • Surgery

  9. Biofeedback • DFN = info on bodily process to learn to control it • e.g., bp, hr, skin temp • Electromyograph (EMG) = electrical discharge in muscle fibers • __________ = skin temperature • Audio/visual signal • Trial/error- patient changes thoughts & behaviors

  10. Biofeedback Outcomes • Joint pain, migraine headache, hypertension • Expensive technology & trained personnel • Relaxation & hypnosis cheaper & easier • NOT better for _____ • Better for migraines

  11. Hypnosis • __________ state • Mesmer made famous • Multiple DFNS: • altered state of consciousness • trait of hypnotizability • Hypnotized people: • will perform minor feats • won’t hurt self or others

  12. Hypnosis Process • Relaxation • Told it will decrease pain (_______) • Induction = being placed under hypnosis (distraction) • Instructed to think of pain differently (reinterpretation)

  13. Hypnosis Outcomes • Surgery, childbirth, dental procedures, burns, headaches • Unclear: block pain OR _________ • NOT better for low suggestible pts • Better for high suggestible pts

  14. Acupuncture • DFN = long, thin needles inserted into body • China: anesthetic for surgery • Expectations • Decreases fear • Increases tolerance • Releases __________? (thus decreased pain) • Better for short-term pain

  15. Distraction • Other activity (e.g., pledge of allegiance, art/crafts) • ______________ • Better for short-term, low-level pain

  16. Medication • Morphine • Tolerance • ___________ • Good for severe pain • Poor for one who is chemically dependent • Local anesthetics to wounded area • Block transmission (e.g., spinal cord) • Brain (e.g., antidepressants)

  17. Surgery • Cut/disrupt body’s “pain fibers” • Periphery to spinal cord • Spinal cord to brain • ___________ (e.g., different neural pathways) • Damage nervous system > chronic pain

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