The epidemiology of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae

1. The epidemiology of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Eric Bush USDA:APHIS:VS FDA:CVM Swine Mycoplasma Pneumonia Workshop Kansas City, MO March 6, 2002

2. Objective: Respiratory disease • Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex (PRDC) • Prevalence of primary pathogens • Severity of condition • mortality due to respiratory illness • age of onset in grower/finisher • course of treatment • Extent of control measures and their relation to prevalence and severity Swine 2000

3. Swine 2000 study design • NASS General Swine Farm Report • June 1 – July 14, 2000 • n=2499 respondents • VS Initial VMO visit • August 21 – November 3, 2000 • n=895 respondents • VS Second VMO visit • December 1, 2000 – March 15, 2001 Ref: USDA:APHIS:VS. Part I: Reference of Swine Health and Management in the United States, 2000. Fort Collins, CO:NAHMS; 2001 August. Swine 2000

4. Objective: Serum bank • Create national serum bank • Epidemiological description of endemic pathogens • prevalence • distribution • risk factors • Natural history of emerging diseases • time of emergence • epidemiological description Swine 2000

5. Swine 2000 study design Blood collection • Voluntary participation • Collection from sows/gilts • Max of 30 samples • Quota sampling by parity • Collection from finishers • Max of 15 samples • Across pens (max of 10 pens) • Must be 20 weeks or older • Shipped overnight on ice to NVSL.

6. Swine 2000 study design Blood collection • Testing: • PRRS - ELISA test at NVSL. • Mycoplasma – Tween20 ELISA test at ISU (Pfizer). • Mycoplasma - IDEXX ELISA test at BI/Vetmedica. • SIV - HI test at WI (Schering-Plough). • Serum banked for further use. • 5 of 8 sets left

7. Swine 2000 Blood collection • Finishers only 200 • Breeding only 111 • Both 195 • Total 506 sites---------------------------------------- • 14,328 samples collected from 506 sites. • 8466 sow/gilt samples from 306 sites • 5862 finisher samples from 395 sites.

8. Mycoplasma (ISU) results • Site prevalence: • Finishers: 82.3% • Breeding: 94.8% • Animal prevalence • Finishers: 48.9% • Breeding: 38.3% Swine 2000

9. Any questions

10. How does site prevalence vary… • By region? • By type of site? • By size of site? • Vaccine status of site? • By visit blood collected (season)?

12. Site prevalence, by type • Finishers only 77.5% • Breeding only 97.3% • Both 97.4% • All sites 89.5% sites

13. Site prevalence, by total inventory Sites with finisher Sites with breeding females Swine 2000

14. Site prevalence, by vaccination status Sites which vaccinate finishers Sites which vaccinate breeding females Swine 2000

15. Site prevalence, by visit (season) Sites with finishers Sites with breeding females Swine 2000

16. What about the prevalence within sites (herds)? • How does it vary by pig type?

17. Distribution of sites by number of positive finishers Mean = 48.9% Swine 2000

18. Distribution of sites by number of positive breeding females Mean = 37.4% Swine 2000

19. How does animal prevalence vary… • By region? • By size of site? • By gender of finishers? • By parity of breeding females? • Vaccine status of animal?

20. 42.7% 36.1% 47.7% 37.0% 51.2% 38.5% 56.9% 41.7%

21. Animal prevalence, by total inventory Percent late finishers that were positive Percent breeding females that were positive Swine 2000

22. Finisher prevalence, by gender • Gilts 46.0% • Barrows 50.8% • All late finishers 48.9%

24. Animal prevalence, by vaccination status Percent of vaccinated finishers that were positive Percent of vaccinated sows/gilts that were positive Swine 2000

25. Other mycoplasma data • Prevalence of mycoplasma as reported by respondents • Vaccination practices • Other control strategies

26. Prevalence of selected diseases in nursery pigs, by herd size Swine 2000

27. Prevalence of selected diseases in grow/finish pigs, by herd size Swine 2000

28. Mycoplasma vaccination – breeding females 46.2% 43.6% 15.4% Swine 2000

29. Mycoplasma vaccination – breeding females

30. Number of mycoplasma vaccinations received by breeding females Swine 2000

31. Percent sites using vaccine to control mycoplasma in weaned market pigs, by herd size Swine 2000

32. Number of mycoplasma vaccinations received by weaned market pigs Swine 2000

33. Mycoplasma vaccination – age weaned market pigs are vaccinated (weeks) Swine 2000

34. Mycoplasma vaccination – age weaned market pigs are vaccinated (weeks) Swine 2000

35. Mycoplasma vaccination – age weaned market pigs are vaccinated (weeks) Swine 2000

36. Strategies employed to control mycoplasma in weaned market pigs, by herd size Swine 2000

37. Acknowledgments • National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) • NAHMS Design and Implementation team • State and Federal Veterinary Medical Officers, VS field • APHIS: National Veterinary Services Laboratories (NVSL) • ARS: Russel Research Center • ARS: Eastern Regional Research Center • ARS: National Animal Disease Center • U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA-CVM) • National Pork Board • American Association of Swine Veterinarians (AASV) • Pfizer • Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica • IDEXX Laboratories, Inc. • Schering-Plough • Iowa State University • The Ohio State University • University of Illinois • University of Tennessee • University of Wisconsin – Madison Swine 2000

38. For more information: Eric Bush USDA:APHIS:VS-CEAH 555 S Howes Fort Collins, CO. 80521 (970) 490-8000 Eric.J.Bush@aphis.usda.gov Or search for “NAHMS swine” on the web.