aesop.rutgers

2. Tom Freiberger spoke with some dealers to get prices, a non-GPS monitor is $2600. - $3500 (depending upon Models) Monitors with GPS are $7700. - $8900 (not including installation). Purposely didn’t place an image of a GPS guided tractor, combine with yield monitor Small farms-cost may be greater than the benefit. Our function is in demonstration projects that combine GPS/GIS to address unique NJ agricultural issues.Tom Freiberger spoke with some dealers to get prices, a non-GPS monitor is $2600. - $3500 (depending upon Models) Monitors with GPS are $7700. - $8900 (not including installation). Purposely didn’t place an image of a GPS guided tractor, combine with yield monitor Small farms-cost may be greater than the benefit. Our function is in demonstration projects that combine GPS/GIS to address unique NJ agricultural issues.

3. Water quality Monitoring (P, N )? identify areas of NPS pollution and reduce P in animal feed Mapping pest populations (IPM) ? decrease in the amount of sprays. Farmers have more information regarding current pest populations. Disease detection & management in cranberries (ICM)? pinpoint the areas of disease in cranberry beds. Site specific application of fungicides, and decreased use. Comparison of yield in beds infected with different fungal disease. Beds with fairy ring, low differences in yield. Therefore, no need to apply fungicides. Integrated crop management?Mapping of phosphorus, nitrogen, extensive soil testing. Application of nutrients in areas that are deficient. Water quality Monitoring (P, N )? identify areas of NPS pollution and reduce P in animal feed Mapping pest populations (IPM) ? decrease in the amount of sprays. Farmers have more information regarding current pest populations. Disease detection & management in cranberries (ICM)? pinpoint the areas of disease in cranberry beds. Site specific application of fungicides, and decreased use. Comparison of yield in beds infected with different fungal disease. Beds with fairy ring, low differences in yield. Therefore, no need to apply fungicides. Integrated crop management?Mapping of phosphorus, nitrogen, extensive soil testing. Application of nutrients in areas that are deficient.

4. Projects made possible by GPS technologies that answer the question-where am I?Projects made possible by GPS technologies that answer the question-where am I?

5. Triangulation from satellites (whose positions are exactly known) is the basis of the system 2. To triangulate, GPS measures distance using the travel time of a radio message 3. To measure travel time, GPS needs very accurate clocks 4. Once distances from satellites are known, a position can be calculated Mathematically we need 4 measurements to determine exact position Radio waves travel at: Speed of light X time = distance (186,000mi/sec X time) = SV distance The distance to a satellite is determined by measuring how long a radio signal takes to reach us from that satellite We assume that both the satellite and our receiver are generating the same pseudo-random code at exactly the same time We know how long it took for the satellite’s signal to get to us by comparing how late its pseudo-random code is, compared to our own code To calculate our position we need to know distance, as well as where the satellites are in space GPS satellites are so high up (11,000 mi.), their orbits are very predictable Minor variations in orbits are measured by the DoD and their data is transmitted from the satellites themselves 100 meters: Accuracy of original GPS system, which was subject to accuracy degradation under the goevernment imposed selective availability (SA) program. 15 meters: Typical GPS position accuracy without SA 3-5 meters: Typical differential GPS (DGPS) position accuracy <3 meters: Typical WAAS position accuracy.Triangulation from satellites (whose positions are exactly known) is the basis of the system 2. To triangulate, GPS measures distance using the travel time of a radio message 3. To measure travel time, GPS needs very accurate clocks 4. Once distances from satellites are known, a position can be calculated Mathematically we need 4 measurements to determine exact position Radio waves travel at: Speed of light X time = distance (186,000mi/sec X time) = SV distance The distance to a satellite is determined by measuring how long a radio signal takes to reach us from that satellite We assume that both the satellite and our receiver are generating the same pseudo-random code at exactly the same time We know how long it took for the satellite’s signal to get to us by comparing how late its pseudo-random code is, compared to our own code To calculate our position we need to know distance, as well as where the satellites are in space GPS satellites are so high up (11,000 mi.), their orbits are very predictable Minor variations in orbits are measured by the DoD and their data is transmitted from the satellites themselves 100 meters: Accuracy of original GPS system, which was subject to accuracy degradation under the goevernment imposed selective availability (SA) program. 15 meters: Typical GPS position accuracy without SA 3-5 meters: Typical differential GPS (DGPS) position accuracy <3 meters: Typical WAAS position accuracy.

6. GPS Data What Does it Look Like? Point:Sampling site Blacklight locations Irrigation riser Line:Road Stream Irrigation line Polygon: Field boundary management zones Areas of: damage/weeds crop stress Point:Sampling site Blacklight locations Irrigation riser Line:Road Stream Irrigation line Polygon: Field boundary management zones Areas of: damage/weeds crop stress

7. Once the latitude/longitude is known, then the information is fed into a software package called a GIS and Spatially viewed and integrated with other location-tagged data.Once the latitude/longitude is known, then the information is fed into a software package called a GIS and Spatially viewed and integrated with other location-tagged data.

8. It answers spatial questions about what is at a place and the relationship between one Place and another.It answers spatial questions about what is at a place and the relationship between one Place and another.

9. Trimble ProXR Educator 2-pack ? approximately ($14,000) Prices range from ($7495 – 11,995) depending on system selectedTrimble ProXR Educator 2-pack ? approximately ($14,000) Prices range from ($7495 – 11,995) depending on system selected

10. New GPS Technologies Concentrate on Portability, Data Handling and GIS Mapping…. Geo3 + BoB ? educator 2-pack price ($8400), NJ contract price for 1 ($5400) Geo3 alone ? educator 2-pack price ($6450), NJ contract price for 1 ($4050) BoB alone ? NJ contract price ($1800) Pathfinder Pocket ? NJ contract price ($495) Pocket + terrasync ? NJ contract price ($1795) + ($170 cables to output device and BoB if used) Above doesn’t include data loggerGeo3 + BoB ? educator 2-pack price ($8400), NJ contract price for 1 ($5400) Geo3 alone ? educator 2-pack price ($6450), NJ contract price for 1 ($4050) BoB alone ? NJ contract price ($1800) Pathfinder Pocket ? NJ contract price ($495) Pocket + terrasync ? NJ contract price ($1795) + ($170 cables to output device and BoB if used) Above doesn’t include data logger

11. ….and Integration with Pocket PC (Windows CE) Based Technology Recommended CE Hand-Helds: HP Jornada 545 and 548, Compaq 2160, 2180, and iPAQ H3650, Casio Cassiopeia E-105, E115, and E125, Fujitsu PenCentra 130 Recommended CE or Pocket PC Configuration: Pocket PC or Windows CE device version 2.11 or later 16 MB RAM (with at least 8 MB free memory) Color or grey scale touch screen H/PC Pro devices: MIPS or SH3 Palm-size PC or Pocket PC devices: MIPS, SH3, or ARM Processor at 70 MHz or greater RS232 serial port and cable Transflective screen (or other screen suitable for outdoor use) Note: The TerraSync software is designed to fit best on a 240 x 320 pixel (palm-sized) screen. Recommended CE Hand-Helds: HP Jornada 545 and 548, Compaq 2160, 2180, and iPAQ H3650, Casio Cassiopeia E-105, E115, and E125, Fujitsu PenCentra 130 Recommended CE or Pocket PC Configuration: Pocket PC or Windows CE device version 2.11 or later 16 MB RAM (with at least 8 MB free memory) Color or grey scale touch screen H/PC Pro devices: MIPS or SH3 Palm-size PC or Pocket PC devices: MIPS, SH3, or ARM Processor at 70 MHz or greater RS232 serial port and cable Transflective screen (or other screen suitable for outdoor use) Note: The TerraSync software is designed to fit best on a 240 x 320 pixel (palm-sized) screen.

13. Garmins – Another GPS Option Garmin units run around 250-300 (GPS 12). DGPS beacon 300-500. ArcPad (500) + COMPAQ (500) = 1000 Total 1700.Garmin units run around 250-300 (GPS 12). DGPS beacon 300-500. ArcPad (500) + COMPAQ (500) = 1000 Total 1700.

14. Not cheap though for equipment on a large scale: Media mapper + digital camera can reference weed infestations, diseased areas, stressed areas. Info can be fed back into GPS guided technology Media mapper ($895) Yield monitors ? non-GPS monitors can run $2600. - $3500 depending on the model Monitors with GPS can run $7700 - $8900 not including installationNot cheap though for equipment on a large scale: Media mapper + digital camera can reference weed infestations, diseased areas, stressed areas. Info can be fed back into GPS guided technology Media mapper ($895) Yield monitors ? non-GPS monitors can run $2600. - $3500 depending on the model Monitors with GPS can run $7700 - $8900 not including installation

15. Not typical yield combines, harvesters, spreaders – may not be cost effective Will aid in resource management – watershed management Not typical yield combines, harvesters, spreaders – may not be cost effective Will aid in resource management – watershed management