An Architecture based on a Social-Economic Approach for Flexible Grid Resource Allocation

1. An Architecture based on a Social-Economic Approach for Flexible Grid Resource Allocation Mr. Gabriele Pierantoni, Dr. Eamonn Kenny, Dr. Brian Coghlan Trinity College Dublin

2. Resource Allocation • Grid Resource Allocation is complex: • Resources belong to different domains • Resources are subject to different policies • Resources are geographically distributed. • It is difficult to decide what “optimality” is.

3. Resource Allocation Scenarios • Cooperative Scenarios: • Charity: Seti project • Sharing of resource among institutions. • Competitive Scenarios: • Buying and selling of resources in a Market • Keynesian Scenario: • Investment in Hardware/Software that is used by different users

4. Social and Economic Perspective • Problem: Mankind faced similar problems in allocating/managing limited resources in pursuit of its goals. • Solution: • societies • competitive and/or co-operative exchanges. • Social-economic paradigm is increasingly being used for Grid Resource Allocation and Sharing.

5. The process of computation Final Service (Job) Intermediate Service Primary Services CPU Memory Connection Data

6. Economic Co-operative Production and supply chains Service Supply Chain Service Supply Chain Payment Chain

7. Endowments, Needs, Supplies and Demands Model actors/resource with following paradigm. • Endowment: set of resources owned by actor • Needs: set of resources needed by actor • Supplies: set of resources that the actor has in abundance. • Demands: the set of resources that the actor cannot cover with its endowment.

8. Scarcity Supplies = {} Demands = Endowment  (! Needs) Satisfied Needs = Needs Abundance Supplies = Endowment  !(Needs) Demands = { } Satisfied Needs = Needs Endowments, Needs, Supplies and Demands - Relations

9. Rules Access Rights Grid Agent Service n Service n-1 Production Process Grid Agents • Grid Agents are at the convergence of three flows of information: • Production • Rules • Ownership

10. Social Grid Agents • The Rules and Ownership Information flows are regulated by the relationship that Grid Agents have with other Grid Agents. Social Grid Agent Social Layer Rules Ownership Grid Agent Production

11. Grid Societies • In Grid Societies, Grid Agents co-operate and compete under the same set of rules. Grid Agent Co-operative society Grid Agent Competitive society Grid Agent

12. Co-operative Grid Societies • In a co-operative Grid Society the actors involved devolve part of their endowment to the Tribe. • There can be different ways to leverage the usage of resources from the tribe members: • None: Resources given until they are available • Communism: Each is entitled the same amount of resources. • Meritocracy: The amount of resources available to each member is proportional to their past and present contributions.

13. Competitive-Economic Grid Societies • In competitive Grid Societies resources are sold and bought in a Market. • There are many possible economic models to be used: • Bargaining • Posted Price Model • Auctions • Call for tenders.

14. Conclusions • Social and economic paradigm can be used to implement grid resource allocation strategies. • Economic models can be used in competitive scenarios. • Social models can be used in co-operative scenarios