Consumer information

1. Transport and Kyoto Protocol Consumer information FRANK VAN WEST FIA Foundation Gas Natural Foundation Bilbao, 16 December 2004

2. CONTENT: • EU strategy on CO2 emissions from cars • Kyoto Agreement • EU Monitoring scheme + Results • Agreement EU Commission and car industry • EU Consumer information scheme • How can FIA clubs inform the consumer? • Eco Test • Conclusions

3. EU Strategy The EU’s aim: by 2010 at the latest an average CO2 emission figure of 120 g/km (app. 5 l /100km petrol and 4.5 l/100 km diesel) for all new passenger cars marketed in the Union.

4. The objective is to be achieved by three instruments: • Agreements committing the automobile manufacturers to reduce CO2 emissions from passenger cars mainly by means of improved vehicle technology

5. Instruments 2) Market-orientated measures to influence motorists’ choice towards more fuel- efficient cars (fiscal framework measurements) 3) Improvements of consumer information on the fuel-economy of cars

6. Kyoto Agreement of 10 December 1997: The reduction in emissions of six greenhouse gases, including CO2, at 8% relative to 1990 levels by 2008-2012.

7. EU Monitoring scheme Decision of EP and Council establishes a scheme to monitor the average specific emissions of CO2 produced on the territory of the Member States by new cars.

8. Passenger car contribution CO2 emissions from passenger cars account for approximately 50% of total CO2 emissions in the transport sector and 12% of total CO2 emissions in EU (15)

9. Contributions of UK greenhouse gases 5% 13% 10% 72% CO2

10. Member States must: Collect the vehicle information needed for the monitoring scheme Communicate to the Commission annually: For each fuel type , mass category, engine power and engine capacity the number of newly registered passenger cars and the average specific emissions of CO2 of those cars

11. ACEA average CO2 emissions (fuel consumption) petrol and diesel passenger cars CO2g/km Source: EU Commission Feb.04

12. JAMA average CO2 emissions (fuel consumption) petrol and diesel passenger cars CO2g/km Source: EU Commission Feb.04

13. KAMA average CO2 emissions (fuel consumption) petrol and diesel passenger cars CO2g/km Source: EU Commission Feb.04

14. EU-15 average CO2 emissions (fuel consumption) petrol, diesel and total(petrol + diesel) of passenger cars CO2g/km Source: EU Commission Feb.04

15. NUMBER OF PURCHASED DIESEL PASSENGER CARS 2003 Total: 6.2 million X 1000 Source: RAI (NL)

16. Market share of diesel passenger cars purchasedin 2002 and 2003 2003 % 2002 Source: RAI (NL)

17. Agreement Commission and car industry: 140 gr/km CO2 (5.85 l petrol/100 km and 5.22 l diesel/100 km) ACEA 2008 JAMA 2009 KAMA 2009 The EU Commission is studying ACEA and JAMA reports on studies reviewing their position after 2009

18. Consumer information system (1999/94/EC) • labelling of fuel consumption and CO2 emissions • the production of a fuel consumption and CO2 emissions guide • displaying posters in car showrooms • the inclusion of fuel consumption and CO2 emissions data in advertising, brochures, etc.

19. In the EU we have: • a single market • a single currency • a harmonised fuel labelling Directive • citizens (consumers) who have been asked to learn thinking European wide HOWEVER

20. Despite a harmonised fuel labelling Directive there is: unfortunately no harmonised calculation method for comparing cars inside a vehicle category because member states could not get to an agreement in Brussels for a harmonised relative system ATTENTION : THE DIRECTIVE IS MEANT TO BETTER INFORM THE CONSUMER !!

21. As a consequence some member states have the same format of labels with different coloured arrows for equivalent cars based on different calculation systems, others have different labels Germany distribute absolute figures only THIS IS CONFUSING FOR CONSUMERS !

22. Danish Energy Label Euro NCAP information

23. Page from Dutch fuel economy guide 2004

24. Reactions on different calculation systems: Manufacturers, importers and dealers: “Some systems are so complicated that they are hardly explainable to consumers” Consumers: In general hardly interested Only in cars that are subsidized (costs)

25. Experience: Fuel economy and environmental impact are in general no major factor in vehicle purchase decisions Fuel consumption is mostly only important because of the cost, but not to environmental issues Consumers are not well aware of fuel economy and environmental issues. Interest is growing slowly with greater awareness of climate change and CO2 emission issues

26. How can automobile clubs inform their members on CO2 , fuel consumption and climate change ? Brochures Articles in club magazines Individual member information Good Internet websites Driver training

27. What information should automobile clubs give their members ? Generalinformation on CO2 and Global Warming Give hints for less environmental damage Promote gear shift indicators Eco Test

28. General information (AA Brochure)

29. Hints • short journeys: bicycle, public transport, walk • drive-off after cranking a.s.a.p. • try to avoid harsh acceleration and heavy braking • use higher gears as soon as traffic allows it • switch off engine whenever it is safe to do so • remove roof racks when not in use • regular maintenance, right tyre pressure • use air-conditioning sparingly

30. Hints • do not carry unnecessary weight • use of onboard electrical devices increases fuel consumption • check fuel consumption regularly • driving at high speeds increases fuel consumption significantly • PROMOTE GEAR SHIFT INDICATORS

31. GEAR SHIFT INDICATOR: Small led on dashboard shows when driver must shift gear to drive economically Board computer has calculated most fuel efficient shifting given circumstances Shifting points will be a compromise between CO2, other emissions and driving behaviour

32. Eco Test Because the output of the fuel labelling Directive is not harmonised the FIA Foundation has assigned the ADAC to develop Eco Test in 2002

33. Eco Test Information for consumers on the environmental impact of all important new car models Increase sensitivity of consumers on ecological aspects Influence due to consumers behaviour on industries developments

34. Eco Test Measured Pollutants: CO, HC, NOx, PM and CO2 Tests (cold and hot) in accordance with NEDC In addition: motor way 130 km/h Pollutants : absolute scale CO2 : class depending scale

35. ECO TEST

36. CONCLUSION • Fuel economy label is a cheap measure to influence consumer • it will encourage manufacturers to produce more fuel efficient vehicles • only a package of measures can help to substantially reduce CO2 emission from passenger cars • Ambitious fuel economy objectives should not counteract NOx reductions or the increase of safety and reliability of cars

37. CONCLUSION FIA clubs must: • keep on monitoring development of fuel efficient cars and legislation concerned • keep on informing their members on CO2 (fuel consumption) and climate change • promote the advantages of gear shift indicators • promote the advantages of environmental friendly cars • further evaluate Eco Test

38. EU must: CONCLUSION • increase consumer awareness of fuel consumption and environmental impacts • make one EU-wide harmonised label and calculation method (relative comparison within category). It is better for consumers and only then manufacturers can label cars easily during production • introduce Internet version

39. EU must: CONCLUSION • review shift points in emission test cycle because currently there are manual gear boxes with six or seven gears • develop a method in which (driving) attitude of consumer (high acceleration, fast driving, use of airco etc.) is clearly expressed in costs

40. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION www.fiafoundation.com