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Cosmetic chemistry lesson 1

Cosmetic chemistry lesson 1. Learning outcomes Revise terms used in chemistry Discuss product usage Discuss language used in product knowledge Revise layers of the skin Identify skin types Identify skin conditions Discuss the pH scale and relate to skin types

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Cosmetic chemistry lesson 1

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  1. Cosmetic chemistrylesson 1 • Learning outcomes Revise terms used in chemistry Discuss product usage Discuss language used in product knowledge Revise layers of the skin Identify skin types Identify skin conditions Discuss the pH scale and relate to skin types Identify percutaneous absorption Discuss active and non active ingredients

  2. Percutaneous absorption

  3. Ingredients in cosmetic formulations NON-ACTIVE ACTIVE • pH buffers Are ingredients that will • Preservative have an effect on a skin • Chelating agents type. • Surfactants • Humectants • Thickeners • Occlusives • Colouring agents • Fragrances • Carriers

  4. Non-active ingredients Maintain ratios of acidity to alkalinity Prevent bacteria, fungi, mould from growing • Buffers • Preservatives • Chelating agents • Surfactants • Humectant • Thickeners • Occlusive • Carriers Increases the proficiency of the preservatives Allows product to spread more easily on the skins surface, slip. Prevents product from drying out attracts moisture Increases body of product and improves appearance Large molecules in ingredient forms a barrier on the surface of the skin Vehicles used to carry products to the skin usually those with large molecules

  5. Ions • +& -charges are attracted to each other+ & + - & -repel • The base of the corneum has a barrier of negatively charged ions, they prevent any chemical that contains negatively charged ions from entering the skin Atom 2 atoms combine molecule element Electrons Nucleus compound - Charge and travel around the nucleus Protons + charge Neutrons nocharge

  6. Nucleus, protons, neutrons ,electronselectron shells (valence) Nucleus with protons and neutrons Energy shells (valences) with electrons

  7. Cosmetic chemistry is the study of organic chemicals in cosmetics • Inorganic chemistry is the study of chemicals that are not carbon based • Organic chemistry is the study of carbon based chemicals Cosmetic chemistry • Chemical bonds • Covalent • Ionic • hydrogen Chemical functional groups and carbon compounds Prefix & suffix

  8. Chemical bonds • Atoms unite chemically forming chemical bonds • It is not like two people being handcuffed together • It is an energy relationship between the electrons • The outer valence shell will electron bond • The further away electrons are from the nucleus(+ protons) the more unstable they become

  9. Ionic bonds are formed when electrons are transferred to from atom to another. This changes the proportion of charge. • Original atom is now more positively charged + Cation positively charged ion • The atom to receive another electron is now more negatively charged - Anion negatively charged ion Anions and Cations are formed when a bond is formed . Opposite charges attract therefore they stay close together.

  10. Covalent bonds • Molecules that shareelectrons are called covalent molecules and their bonds are called covalent bonds • They may share more than one electron.

  11. Hydrogen bonds are weak bonds that are formed when a hydrogen atom is attracted to another hydrogen atom creating a bridge • These are very fragile unstable bonds The least amount of electron sharing (bonding) the more stable the atom is Therefore the more bonds the more unstable it is

  12. Prefix the number of carbon atoms • Meth= 1 • Eth = 2 • Prop = 3 • But = 4 • Pent = 5 • Hex = 6 • Hept = 7 • Oct = 8 • Non = 9 • Dec = 10

  13. SuffixThe end of the name helps to identify the compound • Propane = Alkanes • Propene = Alkenes • Propyne = Alkynes • Propanol = Alcohols • Propanone = Ketones • Porpanoic acid = Carboxylic acid Eg.Ethanol = alcohol compound (ol) & 2 carbon atoms (eth)

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