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3. Structure of the betaine molecule
4. Greenstim production
5. Greenstim as an osmoprotectant
Greenstim acts as an osmoprotectant in the plant cell
Facilitates water uptake and retention
Stabilizes enzymes and protects membranes
Enhances photosynthesis, nitrogen metabolism and translocation during environmental stresses
6. Effect of Greenstim in the plant cell I Less inhibitory to enzyme activity than equivalent concentrations of inorganic ions
Protects root membranes against heat destabilization
Protects thylakoids against freezing stress
Protects against NaCl/KCl inhibition and heat denaturation of several plant enzymes
7. Effect of Greenstim in the plant cell II Protects enzymes against inactivation in dilute solution
Protects proteins against the unfavorable consequences of dehydration
Protects the oxygen-evolving PSII against the inhibitory effects of NaCl by preventing salt-induced dissocation of proteins
Increases the threshold temperature for inhibition of PSII-mediated electron transport of chloroplasts
10. Hyperosmotic stress and compensation with glycinebetaine
11. Greenstim as an osmoprotectant
12. Betaine - methyl donor
13. Abiotic environmental stresses Abiotic environmental stresses are important factors limiting crop productivity
1. Lack of water and salinity
Affect around 40 % of the most productive areas
Mediterranean basin, California, Southern Asia, Australia
Plants are sensitive to Na, Cl, So2
2. Low temperatures
3. High temperatures
14. Water deficit stress Water deficit stress disturbs many plant growth processes:
Cell enlargement and reduces growth of leaves, stem
cell wall synthesis and reproductive structures
Protein synthesis reduces enzyme activity
Stomatal opening reduces photosynthesis
Photosynthesis reduces growth
15. Relationship between photosynthesis in leaf water potential (trendsetting)
16. Greenstim improves the fruit retention under environmental stresses
17. Storage and package size Storage in room temperature and protected from humidity
In an unopened package the self life of the product is 2 years
Package sizes 2 kg, 25 kg and big bag (600-800 kg)