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Exercise: A Bad Side?

Exercise: A Bad Side?. A Study of Exercise-Induced Amenorrhea. Reproductive System. STRESS. The Energy Drain Theory. What is happening?. Dysfunction of the hypothalamus Suppression of the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) pulse generator. What does that mean?.

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Exercise: A Bad Side?

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  1. Exercise: A Bad Side? A Study of Exercise-Induced Amenorrhea

  2. Reproductive System STRESS

  3. The Energy Drain Theory

  4. What is happening? • Dysfunction of the hypothalamus • Suppression of the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) pulse generator

  5. What does that mean? • Normal Circumstances • Stimulation of LH and FSH by GnRH • Production of estrogen and progesterone • Suppression of Luteinizing Hormone (LH) • Prepubertal patterns • Delayed menarche • Amenorrhea

  6. What Results? • Infertility • Skeletal Problems

  7. Who is Prone?

  8. Longitudinal Changes in Reproductive Hormones and Menstrual Cyclicity in Cynomolgus Monkeys during Strenuous Exercise Training: Abrupt Transition to Exercise-Induced Amenorrhea Nancy I. Williams, Anne L. Caston-Balderrama, Dana L. Helmreich, David B. Parfitt, Connie Nosbisch, and Judy L. Cameron

  9. Background Information • Materials and Methods • Monkeys • Blood Samples • Reproductive Function • Exercise Training • Hormone Assays

  10. Determination of Changes • The occurrence of menses • Plasma concentrations of reproductive hormones • Body weight • Food intake • Daily mileage

  11. Data Analysis • Six Time Periods • Sedentary (Sed) • Cycle-2 • Cycle-1 • Amenorrhea 1 (AM1) • Amenorrhea 2 (AM2) • Amenorrhea 3 (AM3)

  12. Parameters Calculated • Levels of LH and FSH • E2 peak • Average E2 • P4 peak • Average P4

  13. Results

  14. Early Training Cycles

  15. Changes in Menstrual Cycle • Total height = Mean number of days in the entire menstrual cycle • Shaded portion = Follicular phase • Open portion = Luteal phase • Asterisks = Significant difference from Sed

  16. Changes in Reproductive HormonesExercising Monkeys vs. Control

  17. Data for an Individual

  18. Conclusions • Abrupt Amenorrhea • Earliest Changes • Cycle-2 • Decreased FSH • Cycle-1 • Increased cycle length • Impaired follicular development • Amenorrhea • Individual Variability

  19. Cascade of Events Strenuous Exercise suppression of gonadotrophin secretion lengthened time of follicular development impairment of the corpus luteum  complete cessation of menstrual cycles

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