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Swiss Confederation

Swiss Confederation. Willkommen – Grüezi – Bonjour. Buongiorno – Allegra - Welcome. Geography. • area of 41,285 km 2. • population about 7.5 million. • population density of 182 people per km 2. • three topographical areas: the Swiss Alps, the Swiss plateau, the Jura mountains. History.

Jimmy
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Swiss Confederation

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  1. Swiss Confederation Willkommen – Grüezi – Bonjour Buongiorno – Allegra - Welcome

  2. Geography • area of 41,285 km2 • population about 7.5 million • population density of 182 people per km2 • three topographical areas: the Swiss Alps, the Swiss plateau, the Jura mountains

  3. History • 1291 – three forest cantons of Uri, Schwyz, and Unterwalden Signed the Federal Charter Federal Charter of 1291 • 1353 – join of cantons of Glarus and Zug, and the cities of Lucerne, Zürich and Berne • 1499 – independence from the Holy Roman Empire

  4. History • 1506 – Pope Julius II engaged the Swiss Guart to serve the Vatican • 1849 – Federal Constitution • 1920 – Switzerland joined the League of Nations, and 1964 Council of Europe • 2002 – full member of the United Nations

  5. Politics • Federation of relatively autonomous 26 cantons • primary seat of power – bicameral Swiss Parlament Federal Palace in Bern • Federal Council – Counsil of States and National Council • direct democracy

  6. Cantons • 26 cantons • their populations vary between 15,000 (Appenzell Innerrhoden) And 1´253´500 (Zürich) Wintertime view of Sent, Graubünden • canton areas vary between 37 km2 (Basel- Stadt) and 7´105 km2 (Graubünden) • enclaves: Büsingen (Germany), Campione d‘Italia (Italy)

  7. Cities • biggest city Zürich 367,000 people Zürich agglomeration 1,080,000 people The second most popular city of the world! (2005) • Genf – 185,000 people • Basel – 166,000 people • Bern, capital of Switzerland – 127,000 people

  8. Tourismus • 74 mountains over 4,000 m • the highest mountain – Dufour 4634 m Matterhorn • the best known – Matterhorn 4478 m • the biggest sea – Genfer Sea 580,03 km2 • culture, museums, theatres …

  9. Basel Middle Bridge in Basel • ca. 120 B.C. – keltic settlement at Rhein • 374 – first mention of name Basilia • 1501 – join to Swiss Confederation • first Swiss university – foundation in 1460 • these days – an important cultural, economic, and scientific place in the North Switzerland

  10. Medical Care • population about 7´500´000 • active physicians 28´250 → 1 : 265 • active orthopaedic surgeons 660 → 1 : 11´364 • active general surgeons 1´030 → 1 : 7´282

  11. Medical Education • • 5 universities • Basel, founded in 1459 • Bern, founded in 1834 • Lausanne, founded in 1537 • Geneva, founded in 1559 • Zurich, founded in 1833 • medical school: numerus clausus, access by exam, 6 years (5th year = practicals) • starting next year: bachelor 3 years, master 2 years

  12. Medical Education • final exam 2005: 620 medical students • 2005: 45% males, 55% females • 2000: 56% males, 44% females • • 2005: intention to specialize in • general practioner 7% • surgery 9% • internal medicine 16% • gynaecology 7% • orthopaedics 6%

  13. Orthopaedics • • Postgraduate formation in • orthopedics – 6 years • 1 year university hospital • 2 years traumatology • 1 year general surgery mandatory • Basic exam: after 2 years • • Final exam: • written: multiple choice • oral practical: cadaver, arthroscopy, clinical cases, • examiners cases, 4 x 2 examiners in 1 day

  14. Orthopaedics • Orthopaedic residents: ~ 180 • Board certification annually: ~ 30 • originating from foreign countries: 66% (for all specialities: 33%) • • working orthopaedic specialists 660 • 1/3 full time in public hospitals • 2/3 in private office with affiliation to private hospitals • so far only 33 = 5% female board certified orthopaedic specialists

  15. Medical Care • all specialities: ~ 4150 (= 15%) physicians with foreign origin working in Switzerland • 3´400 from EU/EFTA countries • 2´500 from Germany • 250 from France • 250 from Italy

  16. Health Expenses 2004

  17. Medical Care

  18. Liability Claims 1982 – 2004 handled by Foederatio Medicorum Helviticorum • Orthopaedic surgery • General surgery • Gynaecology/Obstetrics • Internal medicine • Aesthetic/Reconstructive surgery 525 764 354 195 121 Yes 34% 34% 37% 28% 22% No 66% 66% 63% 72% 78%

  19. Thank You very much

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