“Nanotechnology and Security”

1. “Nanotechnology and Security” Mike Horton …for The London Centre for Nanotechnology

2. A biologist’s perspective!

3. A biologist’s perspective!

4. The post 9/11 scenario “… we need fast, portable chemical sensors to detect disease, virus, and chemical agents,” Chang Liu @ The UIUC Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology

5. The post 9/11 scenario “Tomorrow’s weapon will be the computer“ S. Sastry, chairman, Berkely Dept. of EE

6. The post 9/11 scenario “NASA is using nanotechnology to reduce the weight of spacecraft. It also can deliver microscopic sensors and machines to defend against terrorist threats“ G. Scott Hubbard, director of NASA Ames

7. In which areas could LCN work? Quantum cryptography for e.g., • New architectures to combat the low level of diversity (the prevalent Windows platform) • Identity theft and bank fraud • Improved spywear (for our benefit) • Combating WiFi ‘insecurity’, 3G telephone viruses • Tracking and tracing in complex systems A large LCN £5m Basic Technology grant is active in this area

8. Nanotechnology for ‘homeland security’(protection vs aggression balance) • Sensors: fast, power efficient, cheap, robust, accurate tests and wearable devices for explosives, radiation, weapons of mass destruction, and food/water contamination • Water safety: detecting soil and water-supply contamination • The food chain: ‘From the Farm to the Fork’ e.g., radio frequency identification tags (RFID) for animal tagging and grain tracing from the farm to consumers • Smart materials: protecting homes, offices, first responders, and the military (the lightweight tank, ‘better’ explosives) • Biomedical research: revolutionary treatments for chemical and biological attacks, and trauma • Energy generation technologies: ending the world's dependence on oil • Remediation technologies: healing the effects of environmental damage and eco-terrorism; emergency responder devices - robots to locate and rescue for hazardous environments (and for military use)

9. Nanotechnology for ‘homeland security’(protection vs aggression balance) • Sensors: fast, power efficient, cheap, robust, accurate tests and wearable devices for explosives, radiation, weapons of mass destruction, and food/water contamination • Water safety: detecting soil and water-supply contamination • The food chain: ‘From the Farm to the Fork’ e.g., radio frequency identification tags (RFID) for animal tagging and grain tracing from the farm to consumers • Smart materials: protecting homes, offices, first responders, and the military (the lightweight tank, ‘better’ explosives) • Biomedical research: revolutionary treatments for chemical and biological attacks, and trauma • Energy generation technologies: ending the world's dependence on oil • Remediation technologies: healing the effects of environmental damage and eco-terrorism; emergency responder devices - robots to locate and rescue for hazardous environments (and for military use)

10. Nanotechnology for ‘homeland security’(protection vs aggression balance) • Sensors: fast, power efficient, cheap, robust, accurate tests and wearable devices for explosives, radiation, weapons of mass destruction, and food/water contamination • Water safety: detecting soil and water-supply contamination • The food chain: ‘From the Farm to the Fork’ e.g., radio frequency identification tags (RFID) for animal tagging and grain tracing from the farm to consumers • Smart materials: protecting homes, offices, first responders, and the military (the lightweight tank, ‘better’ explosives) • Biomedical research: revolutionary treatments for chemical and biological attacks, and trauma • Energy generation technologies: ending the world's dependence on oil • Remediation technologies: healing the effects of environmental damage and eco-terrorism; emergency responder devices - robots to locate and rescue for hazardous environments (and for military use)

11. Nanotechnology for ‘homeland security’(protection vs aggression balance) • Sensors: fast, power efficient, cheap, robust, accurate tests and wearable devices for explosives, radiation, weapons of mass destruction, and food/water contamination • Water safety: detecting soil and water-supply contamination • The food chain: ‘From the Farm to the Fork’ e.g., radio frequency identification tags (RFID) for animal tagging and grain tracing from the farm to consumers • Smart materials: protecting homes, offices, first responders, and the military (the lightweight tank, ‘better’ explosives) • Biomedical research: revolutionary treatments for chemical and biological attacks, and trauma • Energy generation technologies: ending the world's dependence on oil • Remediation technologies: healing the effects of environmental damage and eco-terrorism; emergency responder devices - robots to locate and rescue for hazardous environments (and for military use)

12. Nanotechnology for ‘homeland security’(protection vs aggression balance) • Sensors: fast, power efficient, cheap, robust, accurate tests and wearable devices for explosives, radiation, weapons of mass destruction, and food/water contamination • Water safety: detecting soil and water-supply contamination • The food chain: ‘From the Farm to the Fork’ e.g., radio frequency identification tags (RFID) for animal tagging and grain tracing from the farm to consumers • Smart materials: protecting homes, offices, first responders, and the military (the lightweight tank, ‘better’ explosives) • Biomedical research: revolutionary treatments for chemical and biological attacks, and trauma • Energy generation technologies: ending the world's dependence on oil • Remediation technologies: healing the effects of environmental damage and eco-terrorism; emergency responder devices - robots to locate and rescue for hazardous environments (and for military use)

13. Nanotechnology for ‘homeland security’(protection vs aggression balance) • Sensors: fast, power efficient, cheap, robust, accurate tests and wearable devices for explosives, radiation, weapons of mass destruction, and food/water contamination • Water safety: detecting soil and water-supply contamination • The food chain: ‘From the Farm to the Fork’ e.g., radio frequency identification tags (RFID) for animal tagging and grain tracing from the farm to consumers • Smart materials: protecting homes, offices, first responders, and the military (the lightweight tank, ‘better’ explosives) • Biomedical research: revolutionary treatments for chemical and biological attacks, and trauma • Energy generation technologies: ending the world's dependence on oil • Remediation technologies: healing the effects of environmental damage and eco-terrorism; emergency responder devices - robots to locate and rescue for hazardous environments (and for military use)

14. Major pathogens in the WMD armamentarium The Sherlock Bio-terrorism Library includes these entries: • Bacillus anthracis (Anthrax)  • Brucella melitensis (Brucellosis) • Burkholderia mallei (Glanders)   • Francisella tularensis (Tularemia) • Yersinia pestis (Plague)

15. There are already commercial products being deployed (in the US) e.g., Nanosphere's Verigene(TM) platform -combines nanotechnology-based nanoparticle probes, assays and instruments for DNA, RNA and protein detection -a field-deployable platform that enables emergency first responders and hospital triage personnel to identify biological toxins, such as ricin and botulinum toxins

16. LCN’s input into the ‘Institute’ • Large academic base in experimental and theoretical nanotechnology • Clean room capability to POC • Links to the medical community • Working across traditional discipline and university boundaries • Continuing major grant successes • Corporate and government contacts • Strong business philosophy • International brand