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Rootstocks for Fruit Trees

Rootstocks for Fruit Trees. General comments. www.Hortilover.com. Rootstocks for Fruit Trees. General characteristics of Rootstocks Specific Crops Pome fruits Stone fruits Grapes and other small fruits Nut crops. Reading. Ryugo. Fruit Culture: Its Science and Art

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Rootstocks for Fruit Trees

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  1. Rootstocks for Fruit Trees General comments www.Hortilover.com Hort 319 - Texas A&M University

  2. Rootstocks for Fruit Trees • General characteristics of Rootstocks • Specific Crops • Pome fruits • Stone fruits • Grapes and other small fruits • Nut crops HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production

  3. Reading • Ryugo. Fruit Culture: Its Science and Art • Chapter 4. Physiology and function of roots, p. 61-68. • Chapter 10. Nursery practices and management, p. 223-244. HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production

  4. Compound Genetic System • Stion = Scion + Rootstock Scion Stion Rootstock HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production

  5. Root System Characteristics • Dynamic plant organ which serves for • Anchorage • Nutrient and water uptake and translocation • Conversion, synthesis, and storage • Important Horticultural Traits • Ease of propagation • Tolerance to edaphic stresses • Soil types • Pathogens and pests • Growth control and precocity • Maximize fruit yield and quality • Compound Genetic System • Rootstock + Scion = Stion combination HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production

  6. Species differences More lateral Peach, plum, mazzard Transplant readily More vertical Almond, apricot, mahaleb Peach Anchorage Apricot Almond HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production

  7. Seedling vs. Cutting Cutting more lateral growth Seedling more vertical growth Stockton Morello cutting Anchorage Mahaleb seedling HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production

  8. Anchorage: Planting Density High density planting Low density planting HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production

  9. Anchorage: Environmental Effects Sandy layer Hardpan High water table HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production

  10. Anchorage:Root Distribution and Soil Texture Well Drained Sandy Loam Poorly Drained Loam HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production

  11. Dependent on root distribution Most in top 18-24” Spread more in sand vs. clay Active process Tolerance to calcareous soil Tolerance to salinity Nutrient and Water Uptake HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production

  12. Convert Nitrates to amino acids Store Carbohydrates and nutrients over winter Important for flowering and early spring growth Synthesize Cytokinins Apple rootstocks HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production

  13. Seed Apple, pear, peach, nuts, persimmon Clonal - vegetative Apple, pear, grape, plum No rootstock Grape, fig, berries, filberts Ease of Propagation Peach seed Peach seedlings budded HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production

  14. Uniform rapid growth Virus status Graft compatibility Ease of Propagation HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production

  15. Edaphic Texture Waterlogging Drought Soil pH Tolerance to Stress HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production

  16. Pathogens Nematodes Armillaria Fire blight Phytophthora Cotton root rot Tolerance to Stress HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production

  17. Pests Phylloxera Wooly Apple Aphid Voles Tolerance to Stress HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production

  18. Induce little growth Dwarfing rootstocks Induce earlier fruiting 3 years vs. 7 years Growth Control and Precocity HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production

  19. Yield 50% increase in yield efficiency Apple rootstocks M9 vs. Seedling Quality Size Increased soluble solids Physiological disorders in pear Black end of fruit Cork spot Maximize yield and quality HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production

  20. Freestanding Precocious Dwarfing Graft compatible Disease & Insect resistant Widely adaptable High Yielding High quality Ideal Rootstock HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production

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