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Opencast Mining Overview

Shorts detail related to opencast mining.<br><br>

KamleshBepari
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Opencast Mining Overview

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  1. WELCOME EVERYONE • PRESENTED BY • KAMLESH BEPARI • RAVI ANNALA • RAM SUNDARAGIRI • SHAILESH BALKI • AKSHAY JOGI LETS HAVE A SHORT VIEW OVER OPECAST MINING

  2. WHAT IS OPENCAST MINING?

  3. Opencast Mining Is A Type Of Surface Mining In Which Mineral Resources Are Removed From The Earth Through Large Holes Or Pits Dug Into The Surface. • It Is Also Called Open-pit Or Open-cut Mining.

  4. ADVANTAGES • There is no problem of ventilation. • There is no problem of roof control, supports. • There is no problem of lighting in daytime. • Percentage of coal extraction is much higher (about 90%) than that of u/g mining (30-60%). • High OMS (Output/Man/Shift). • Much productivity/profits. • Danger & hazards are less compare to u/g mines. • There is no risk of gas explosion. • Large scale mechanization is possible.

  5. DISADVANTAGES • Work is affected by weather. • Land degradation by mining. • Deforestation. • Pollution (water, air, land, noise). • The quarried area and OB dump heaps present an unpleasant sight.

  6. FORMATION OF BENCHES & BERMS

  7. OB and mineral deposit can be extracted by formation of benches. • The angle of slope does not exceed 45 from the horizontal. • A bench has two elements, the floor and the face (high wall). • The width of the floor should not be less than the height of the face (high wall).

  8. Some preferable height for benches • Manual quarries: 3 to 4.5 meters. • Mechanised: >5.5 meters. • Shovel 2m3: 6 to 8 meters. • Shovel 3.5m3: About 12 meters.

  9. BENCHES OVERALL VIEW OF BENCHES

  10. BERM • A Berm is a raised barrier served as a border barrier to prevent heavy vehicle accidents in opencast mines. • Size: • Height: more than the diameter of Dumper wheel. • Width: • Top: 1 meter. • Bottom: 2 to 3 meters. BERM

  11. REMOVAL OF OVERBURDEN

  12. Surface topography. • Ground condition. • Geotechnical parameters of rocks (compressive strength, shear strength, tensile strength etc.). • Environmental condition, watery condition, geological disturbances, toughness. • The stability of the OB and the spoil benches.

  13. DRILL HOLES ROPE SHOVEL EXCAVATOR DRILL MACHINE BLASTING DOZER COAL BENCH OVERBURDEN BENCH DUMPER BACKHOE EXCAVATOR

  14. RAMP & HAUL ROADS

  15. DESIGN OF RAMP & HAUL ROADS • SIZE: • Width of any huge machine working in a particular mine (Dumper) x 2 + 5 meters. • In two way traffic: Dumper x 3 + 5 meters. • GRADIENT: • Flatter than 1 in 16 and short ramps 1 in 10.

  16. DIAGRAMMATIC VIEW OF GRADIENT OF RAMP & HAUL ROADS 1 METER (VERTICAL) GRADIENT (1:6) 6 METERS (HORIZONTAL) 1 METER (VERTICAL) GRADIENT (1:16) 16 METERS (HORIZONTAL)

  17. EXTRACTION OF DEPOSIT/MINERAL (COAL)

  18. EXTRACTION PROCESS

  19. SAFETY POLICY

  20. SAFETY OF MEN & MACHINERY MUST BE GIVEN HIGHEST PRIORITY. AUDIOVISUAL ALARM FOR DUMPERS. SAFETY CONSCIOUSNESS AMONG WORKERS SHOULD BE MAINTAINED BY REGULAR SAFETY TALKS ON PUBLIC. SIDE BERMS SHOULD BE PROVIDED ALONG THE EDGES OF THE BENCHES. ROAD SURFACE SHOULD BE MAINTAINED SMOOTH BY REGULAR GRADING. WATER TANKERS SHOULD BE PROVIDED & USE FOR TREATMENT OF DUST SUPPRESSION. HELMETS & SHOES MUST BE PROVIDED TO ALL WORKMEN. FIRE EXTINGUISHER SHOULD BE INSTALLED IN DUMPERS, EXCAVATORS, DRILL MACHINES, DOZERS.

  21. THANK YOU FOR YOUR KIND ATTENTION!

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