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(90% 0f Plasma is water )

(90% 0f Plasma is water ). 92% Water 8 % = Salts and organic molecules Salts help to maintain pH of blood Small molecules like Glucose and Amino acids nourish cells Urea = excreted. Plasma proteins : buffer blood; homeostasis Albumin : osmotic pressure of blood; transports bilirubin

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(90% 0f Plasma is water )

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  1. (90% 0f Plasma is water)

  2. 92% Water 8 % = Salts and organic molecules Salts help to maintain pH of blood Small molecules like Glucose and Amino acids nourish cells Urea = excreted Plasma proteins : buffer blood; homeostasis Albumin: osmotic pressure of blood; transports bilirubin Globulin: transport cholesterol; immune function Fibrinogen : blood clotting Plasma contents

  3. Body Fluids related to Blood • Blood = Formed elements and Plasma • Plasma = Liquid portion of blood • Serum = Plasma minus Fibrinogen • Tissue Fluid = Plasma minus most proteins • Lymph = Tissue fluid with Lymphatic vessels

  4. Major Blood Groups • Discovered by Karl Landsteiner in 1901 • Difference due to presence or absence of proteins called antigens and antibodies • Antigens = surface of RBC • Antibodies = Blood plasma 20 genetically identified blood types, but only ABO and RH are common and used

  5. ABO Blood Type Blood Plasma

  6. Agglutination of RBCs After addition of serum containing anti-A antibodies Before addition of serum containing anti-A antibodies

  7. Rh+ if antigen present on cell surface Rh- if antigen absent on cell surface Erythroblastis foetalis: Rh mishap in kids

  8. RBC Troubles • Hemolysis • Anemia • Hemophilia • Sickle Cell Anemia • Leukemia

  9. (Exchange area)

  10. Includes circulatory and respiratory system (cardio = heart; vascular = lungs) Today Heart : the ultimate laborer Parts of the heart, characteristics, function Circulation patterns Blood pressure, cardiac cycle and cardiac rhythm Heart diseases and treatments offered Cardiovascular system

  11. THE HEART: Ultimate Biological Pump • Located behind sternum and between lungs • Pumps blood throughout the entire body • Pericardium, fibrous sac that surrounds the heart (protects and lubricates) • Endocardium, inner chambers have a smooth lining (connective tissue)

  12. Working of the heart • Average weight: 10 - 12 ounces • Average heart rate: 72 beats per minute • 100,000 beats per day • 2.7 billion beats over a lifetime • Heart pumps over 300 quarts of blood an hour • Pumping 300,000 tons of blood over a life time • There are 59,951 miles of blood vessels in your body!

  13. Closed circuit Elastic and not rigid Heart fills passively, and at no point of time is it completely filled High energy job The rate of circulation is determined by factors outside the heart Blood flow from heart : follow traffic rules; while blood to the heart is continuous Characteristics of the cardio-vascular system

  14. HEART : Parts available for rent!!!!!!!!!

  15. Human Heart • 4 chambers • right atrium • left atrium • right ventricle • left ventricle Upper half of heart Lower half of the heart

  16. Circulation of blood • Follows a closed circuit (goes around in a circle) • Two types of circulation: • Systemic circulation : where blood flows from the heart to the other parts of the body and back Heart Body Heart • Pulmonary circulation : where blood flows from heart to lungs and back Heart Lungs Heart

  17. Closer view of the Cardio-Vascular system, including the lungs

  18. Networks of circulation • Arteries :These carry the pure blood from heart to all parts of the body • Veins :These carry the impure blood from all parts of the body to the heart • Pure Blood= Blood rich in oxygen (AKA) Oxygenated blood • Impure Blood= Blood poor in oxygen, but rich in Carbon-di-oxide (AKA)Deoxygenated blood

  19. Exception: • Pulmonary artery : • It carries impure blood from the heart to the lungs • Pulmonary vein : • It carries pure blood from the lungs to the heart That is why the weird pulmonary circulation is studied separately instead of combining with the normal systemic circulation of blood!

  20. Circulation: One way flow of blood Deoxygenated or impure blood from all over the body Superior and Inferior vena cavae (veins) Drained into RIGHT ATRIUM of the heart Tricuspid valve VEINS Flows into the RIGHT VENTRICLE of the heart Pulmonary artery Lungs (becomes pure blood by getting oxygenated) Pulmonary vein Drained into the LEFT ATRIUM of the heart Bicuspid (AKA) Mitral valve Flows into the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart Dorsal aorta (biggest artery) Supplied to all parts of body

  21. Cardio-vascular system laid open with circulatory network

  22. Inside the right ventricle Tricuspid valve

  23. Left atrium

  24. Left ventricle Mitral valve (AKA) Bicuspid valve

  25. Aorta

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