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Republic of Macedonia belongs to countries among which there are no water ... Republic of Macedonia as an independent country is a political entity ...
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Development and Investment Department PROJECT FOR INTEGRAL ARRANGEMENT OF VARDAR VALLEY SKOPJE, NOVEMBER 2003 ELECTRIC POWER COMPANY OF MACEDONIA
Background Water is life and survival. It is not substitutable and is a restricted resource, a factor of entire society development. Republic of Macedonia belongs to countries among which there are no water resources sufficient and in certain periods their shortages can already be felt. The major problem with water in Republic of Macedonia is that it is unequally distributed in the area, time, and quality. It is a global problem worldwide, though we are aware of it, over the last twenty years there has been not that much done for their regulation. With the growth of population and general industrial development also grow the demands for water supply to population, irrigation of agricultural areas, industry, energy, environment and etc. The experience in the world teach us that water management and planning of resources should be complex and integrated for the purpose of achieving the most efficient and economic problem solving with water shortages. This fact suggests the need to establish a defined strategy and/or preparation of an preliminary coordinating project or a management plan for integrated water use in the central part of R. Macedonia along the Vardar river flow. There is a Project for Integrated Arrangement of the Vardar River Valley (PIVV) prepared. It should be underlined that in the face of the longest river existence in the central part of the country, this area is already characterized as a semi-desert region tending to become a desert. This is the result of the five-century woodcutting in the central part along the river during the five centuries Ottoman reign in the Balkans and Macedonia, respectively. Change in the microclimate is done this way in the region in which the average annual rainfalls are around 500 mm. It should be pointed out, for information purposes, that these average annual rainfalls are twice higher in the eastern and western part of the country resulting in an intensive vegetation and aforrestation. There has been no water industry project constructed so far along the main water flow of the Vardar river, the result of which is the irreversible and fast loss of water from the area of R. Macedonia. This condition binds us to both consider seriously our survival for the natural resource, the water and also for the survival of the future generations. Therefore, our strategic goal should be the rational water use and rehabilitation to the area now and in future This material shall serve to make the first step towards the implementation of the Project for Integral Arrangement of the Vardar River Valley. ELECTRIC POWER COMPANY OF MACEDONIA
REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA Sheduled hidro power plants SHEDULED HIDROPOWER PLANTS UNDER THE VARDAR VALLEY PROJEKT ELECTRIC POWER COMPANY OF MACEDONIA
REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA ELECTRIC POWER COMPANY OF MACEDONIA
General Objectives of PIVV • The feasibility study related to the Project on Integrated Arrangement of the Vardar River has three fundamental goals: • The natural resources of the Republic of Macedonia including water resources, which enjoy special protection need to be rationally used. Such an integrated project will establish adjustment to the controversial interests for water usage and space in the catchment of the Vardar River. There has been no such an integrated project in Republic of Macedonia. • Rehabilitation and afforestation of the area, which in the existence of the longest river in the country in this area is classified as being a semi-desert region. This is the result of the five-century woodcutting in the central part, and recently of the maximum environmental pollution of the main water flow. • To induce the consideration for further orientations and development concepts regarding the entire energy, water supply and strategic development through realistic, profitable and attractive strategic projects. These need to attract the attention of foreign capital. ELECTRIC POWER COMPANY OF MACEDONIA
ECOLOGI MAP OF THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA WITHQUALITY OF WATER COURSES ELECTRIC POWER COMPANY OF MACEDONIA
European Project Dimension Republic of Macedonia as an independent country is a political entity responsible for the destiny of the Macedonian society. An organized society and/or nation needs a project for its future. Knowing that the state and nation are established in a longer time period, the project for the future is based on the past evolution and influences on the current relations and above all on the future to our young country. We have chosen the French model and/or the proved and already constructed system for the arrangement of the Rhona river with all the specifics which the area has, and the configuration of terrain in the catchment and the Vardar River valley. Such an instrument, which needs to be respected and defined as a national strategy, the perspective needs to start for Republic of Macedonia, and its accession to EU. This will enable elaborate common projects with freedom of thoughts, imagination and rationality. The project should induce the initial thinking for building further orientation, and development concepts for the Vardar River valley. This arises from today’s widely existing knowledge that the overcoming of present crisis segments in the social-economic standing of the Republic of Macedonia (employment, layoffs, capital accumulation, local and foreign revival of the investment cycle) is only possible if such activities are put in function to the entire development. The project shall open great opportunities for development in more business spheres as a whole, are directly or indirectly related to this area as a basic development axis. . This will create opportunities for development of more industrial fields in the Republic as a whole, which will directly or indirectly are related to this area as a basic development axis. This implies at the same time to overcome all administrative constrains and local interests and create perspective to reach the goals for the flow of contemporary forms of capital from Europe and the World. Differences need to be reduced considerably in the living standard as well as the social differences between R. Macedonia and EU. We must not neglect the fact that the Vardar river is an international water flow, which on the Greek border side has the name Axios. This by itself implies that PIVV as a project does not end at the border, but naturally it shall continue on the territory of our south neigbour until its flow in the Aegean Sea. This is an international project along with an EU member country. The noted characteristics to the Vardar valley, as the only longitudinal area with central position in the country which naturally attaches to the most important development axis in the Balkans and Europe are not significant merely for the economic, water supply, energy, and tourist development in the Republic of Macedonia but also it represents the most propulsive area, which will strongly affect the integration of the entire Balkans area, and its integration with the European changes and developing trends and fast integration of Macedonia with the European Union. ELECTRIC POWER COMPANY OF MACEDONIA
MAIN DEVELOPMENT CORRIDORS OF THE EU MAIN DEVELOPMENT CORRIDORS OF THE EU VARDAR VALLEY ELECTRIC POWER COMPANY OF MACEDONIA
Executive Summary From Skopje to Gevgelija along the Vardar River flow, 4.5 billion m3 water leaves our country only in 60 hours during the year. Two rational questions are raised. First why it is not slowed down, to retain at least 60 days? And second what is the way to achieve it? The respond is positive and we can find the solution almost throughout Europe. Among the most typical examples is the solution with the system of cascade hydro power plants along the Rhona river flow in France, which project has been constructed in stages and is already completed, or the cascade system on the Sava river in Slovenia which is underway. The slow down of the water flow running will significantly reduce the transportation of fine particles of soil which is the consequence of failure in protection from erosion, non-afforestation and/or a total lack of concern for the central area in the territory of the country. To better present the situation some value indicators shall be illustrated. Annually, based on the measurements in 1970-1975 the Vardar river transported about 1,0 million m3 sand and soil of the best quality in the section of the Thessaloniki bay. The average volume of all stone embankment dams built in R. Macedonia such as the Mavrovo, Tikvesh, and Kozjak dam amount approximately 3,0 million m3 earth embankment of building material. This means that in the last 50 years, the Vardar river has transported material that speaking roughly could have been built 16-17 earth dams. The latest measurements done in Greece between 1995 and 2000 show that the transport of fine particles increased to 1,8 m3 per annum, which indicates that the devastation process progresses significantly. ELECTRIC POWER COMPANY OF MACEDONIA
Executive Summary The concept of a sustainable development implies future planning, management, and protection of waters from one water catching, considering not only the current water demands but also the demands to the forthcoming generations. The Project on the arrangement of the Vardar River valley, inter alia, provides for the use of water from the two longest right side tributes of the Vardar river, the Treska River and the Crna river. In the area the Vardar River Project represents the most important segment from the Vardar River catchment, and that is the central region in the Republic to which 1/3 belongs of the total territory in the country. In the ravine sections of the Treska and Crna river tributes, two classical storage power plants on each are anticipated. On the Vardar river flow, which means the location on the water flow from Skopje to the Greek border 200 km long, construction of 12 hydro power plants is planned among which larger cascades are HPP Veles with dam height of 60 m, and Gradec with dam height of 29,0 m in the ravine part of the river. The other 10 small hydro power plants are arranged in a cascade along the river flow with low falls of 8.20 m, which are classified as environmental-sound power plants. The other 10 hydro power plants are planned to be constructed in the plain part of the Vardar river valley with the installed “Bulb” turbines or so called pipe turbines. Waters from the storage lake and the slow downs of the small cascade hydropower plants shall be used to irrigate about 100.000 hectares of arable, drinking water for villages and towns, industrial demands, aforresting to the bare areas on more than 600.000 hectares. Complete protection against floods, environmental protection to water flow and water usage for energy purposes shall be undertaken. This means a complete rehabilitation to the central part of Macedonia. Clearly, there is a realistic possibility also for production of hydropower of around 1900 GWh. ELECTRIC POWER COMPANY OF MACEDONIA
FRANCIS TURBINE • HPP ,,Kozjak” • HPP ,,Cebren” • HPP ,,Galiste” ELECTRIC POWER COMPANY OF MACEDONIA
KAPLAN TURBINE • HPP ,,Matka 2” • HPP ,,Veles” • HPP ,,Gradec” • HPP ,,Skocivir” ELECTRIC POWER COMPANY OF MACEDONIA
HPP ,,Babuna” HPP ,,Zgropolci” HPP ,,Gradsko” HPP ,,Kukurecani” HPP ,,Krivolak” BULB TURBINE • HPP ,,Dubrovo” • HPP ,,Demir Kapija” • HPP ,,Miletkovo” • HPP ,,Gjavato” • HPP ,,Gevgelija” ELECTRIC POWER COMPANY OF MACEDONIA
General data of the hidro power plant: Exploitation level134.90 Maximum head 8.40 m Turbine diameter4.00 m Rotation speed 125 rpm Maximum separate flow100 m3/s Total useful flow200m3/s Separate capacity6.15 MW Total capacity12.30 MW Average annual produktion51.00GWh Bulk building dimension: Power plant width25.50 m Length46.00 m Foundation height23.20 m HPP Kukurechani ELECTRIC POWER COMPANY OF MACEDONIA
HPP ,,KUKURECHANI” ELECTRIC POWER COMPANY OF MACEDONIA
Recapitulation of total investments Table 2 Recapitulation of total investments Table 2 (1)* HPP “Kozjak” is in its final stage of construction (2)* the price includes the price for notification of the Railway Station6
RECAPITULATION Hydro power plants 1 357,44 Environmental protection 600,00 Dislocation of rails 232,27 TOTAL: 2 189,71 milions US$ REMARKS: -The total value do not include resources for connecting the facilities with the transmission network and expropriation. ELECTRIC POWER COMPANY OF MACEDONIA
