The Somali and Makua

1. The Somali and Makua Taytra Todd March 14 2006

2. Makua Location & Population History Economic Language Political System Culture Art Somali Location & Population History Economic Political System Culture Art Outline Summary

3. Location and Population • Eastern Africa • Official name: Somali • Independent in 1960 • Before then United Kingdom ruled North and Italy ruled South • 10 million residents • Dominate in Djibouti, Ethiopia, and Kenya Image 1- “horn” slightly smaller than Texas

4. History • Emerged as Arab settlement in 10th century • United Kingdom ruled northern part • Italy ruled southern part • Bought by Italy in 1905 • Portuguese influence • Gain independence July 1 1960 • when Somalia was created Image 2: men on horses

5. Economy • Agrarian • Herding camel, cattle, goat, sheep • Bananas- along the Shabelle and Jubba Rivers-export • Fishing • Import- food, petroleum, textiles • Sugar, sorghum, corn, qat-imports • Export- Hides, fish, charcoal, bananas • Few light industries • Meat and fish processing 3 Image Bushel of Bananas

6. Language • Somali (official) also called “Af-Mahaa” • Arabic, Italian, and English also spoken • Guddiga Laan Qeyrta Cas ee caalamiga ah waxay bilaabeen gurmad cunto inay gaarsiiyaan nus malyuun qof oo ku nool Koonfurta Somalia, halkaasoo ay sheegeen in abaarto ay durbadiiba ka abuurtay xaalad bani'aadanimo oo aad u xun. Image 4: Somali written language

7. Political • No permanent national government - Transitional government • Somali Republic • Executive branch, legislative, judicial, • Numerous clans are vying for power • Interim government created in 2004 • Clan system

8. Culture • Nomadic Society • Live in small shelters • No railroads • Less than 1% own a car • Matrilineal society Image 5: Somali family

9. Entertainment • Reciting poetry • Chanting • Soccer & sports games • Loved death war prizes possessions • Horse, and camel Image 6: Festival taking place

10. Clothing • Brightly colored cloth • Draped over body like a toga • Men- war kilt garment called “lungi” or a “maowey” • Cities and towns- dress is as modern as U.S. Image 7: Little girls in school

11. Image 7: Outside view of huts Image 8: Inside view of huts

12. Location and Population • Southern part of Africa bordering Zimbabwe, Zambia, Tanzania • Makua are spread throughout central Mozambique- largest ethnic group making up 25% of the population-dominating southern provinces 11 Image- map of Mozambique

13. History • Late 15th Century- Portuguese influence • Wanted a point between Europe and the East and to control the gold trade • Mid 16th Century- Ivory replaces gold • 18th century- huge slave trade- hundred thousands (possibly 1 million) • Colonial period- 1891 British-Portuguese treaty signed- split of south v. north and central • Independent in 1975 from Portuguese

14. Economic • Mainly built on the natural resources • Export copra, fish, cashews, nuts, seafood • Agrarian society

15. Culture • Dance accompanies ever major occasion • Tell a story • Costumes • Rattles tied to legs • Makwaela- a cappella singing by foot percussion 5 Image straw top huts

16. Culture continued • Matrilineal society • Live based on community values • Live facing the lion

17. Political System • One really isn’t established, they are in economic decline • Many are illiterate- over 95% of the population was in 1975 • They need help from already established powers like Europe and North America

18. Art Image 11: wood carving Image 12: wood carving

19. Eastern Africa Matrilineal Agrarian society Somali Republic Portuguese influence Independence in 1962 Muslim Southern Africa Patrilineal Agrarian society No political system Portuguese influence Independence in 1975 Muslim Comparison

20. Image Bibliography • Image 1: “Somalia.” 3 March 2005. 13 March 2006. <http://homepage.hispeed.ch/somalia/> • Image 2: “History of Somalia.” Somali Peninsula on the Eve of Imperial Partition. • 07 November 2002. 10 March 2006. <http://www.hamarey.com/index.php/article/articleview/772/1/9/> • Image 3: Sharrock, Suzanne. INIBAP13 March 2006.<http://www.futureharvest.org/news/banana_popups/banana_1.html> • Image 4: “History of Somalia.” Geeska Africa oo Abaartu ku sooo badanaysa. 15 March 2006. 15 March 2006. < http://www.hamarey.com/index.php/article/archive/8/>. • Image 5: Save the Children. “Where we work/East & Central Africa/Somalia.” 15 March 2006. <http://www.savethechildren.org.uk/scuk/jsp/wherewework/country.jsp> • Image 6: “Welcome to see my collections of Somali items and images!” No title.No date. 15 March 2006. <http://www.uwasa.fi/~f76941/Culture.htm> • Image 7: “Welcome to see my collections of Somali items and images!” No title.No date. 15 March 2006. <http://www.uwasa.fi/~f76941/Culture.htm> • Image 8: “Welcome to see my collections of Somali items and images!” No title.No date. 15 March 2006. <http://www.uwasa.fi/~f76941/Culture.htm> • Image 9: “Welcome to see my collections of Somali items and images!” No title.No date. 15 March 2006. <http://www.uwasa.fi/~f76941/Culture.htm> • Image 10:UNICEF. “Mozambique.” <http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/mozambique.html> 13 March 2006.

21. Bibliography • Fitzpatrick, Mary. Mozambique. London: Lonely Planet Publications, 2000. • Gunther, John. Inside Africa. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1953. • Else, David, Kevin Anglin, Becca Blond. Africa on a Shoestring. Oakland: Lonely Planet Publications Pty Ltd, 2004. • “Somalia.” Encyclopedia Britannica. 2006. Encyclopedia Britannica Online School Edition. 12 Mar. 2006. <http://school.eb.com/eb/article-9074997>. • “Mozambique.” Encyclopedia Britannica. 2006. Encyclopedia Britannica Online School Edition. 12 Mar. 2006. <http://school.eb.com/eb/article-9074997>. • “Mozambique.” CIA- The World Factbook—Mozambique. 10 January 2006. 14 March 2006. <http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/print/mz.html>. • “Somalia.” CIA- The World Factbook—Mozambique. 10 January 2006. 14 March 2006. <http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/print/mz.html>.