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EDUCATION UNIT 2 SOCIOLOGY
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Topic 6: Educational policy and inequality Part 3: Conservative government policies from 2010 All slides © Napier Press Ltd. All rights reserved. Reproduction for commercial purposes strictly prohibited. Copying restricted to teachers for use solely in their own institution.
Recap • What did marketisation aim to introduce to education? • Give three features of marketisation in education. • What is parentocracy?
Reading time 5 minutes Read pages 81-82 of your textbook up to ‘The privatisationof education’. Now move on to complete your workbook using the slides.
Coalition government • Joint government of Conservatives and Liberal Democrats, 2010-15 • Influenced by neoliberalism and the New Right – read Box 10 on page 83 for more details on neoliberalism and privatisation • Reduce the role of the state – free schools from ‘dead hand of the state’ This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC
Policies since 2010 Analysis and evaluation: Why might free schools be more likely to attract pupils from better-off backgrounds?
Fragmented centralisation • Ball: Free schools and academies: • Fragmentation: diversity of provision • Centralisation: more central government control This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC
Coalition policies and inequality Some policies to attempt to decrease inequality • Free school meals for all reception, year one and year two • Pupil premium: extra money for pupils from disadvantaged background Other policies maintain inequality: • Spending cuts: • Buildings • Cuts to Sure Start • EMA abolished • University fees tripled
The privatisation of education • Privatisation – transfer of public assets (schools) to private companies. • This means education is used to make a profit. • Ball: Education services industry • Private companies involved in: • Building schools, supply teachers, work-based learning, careers • Public-private partnerships (PPP) • School buildings • Highly profitable • Companies make more profits on these projects than other contracts.
Activity: Media (page 82 textbook) • Watch the clip and answer the questions in this link • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X8wNCMTisc0 • On the basis of what you have seen in the clip, are you in favour of or against sponsored academies? This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY
Blurring the public/private boundary • Those in public service e.g. senior civil servants, head teachers go to work for private sector. • These people have insider knowledge which helps in gaining contracts This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY
Privatisation and globalisation • Many globalised companies involved in education, e.g. Edexcel owed by Pearson. • Educational software companies owned by media multinationals. • Also UK policies and initiatives exported.
Cola-isation of schools • Indirect privatisation: • Vending machines • Branded displays • links to purchases, e.g. Tesco computers for schools (£110,000 purchases needed for one PC!)
Education as a commodity • Policy encourages privatisation • ‘legitimate object of private profit-making’ • ‘the long march of the neoliberal revolution’ – Hall. (See Box 10, p.83.) This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY
Activity: Webquest (page 83 textbook) • Complete the activity in the link • Using information from the sites and pages 82-83 of your textbook, write a summary of the arguments for and against the privatisation of education. Write a conclusion to show which side of the argument is stronger. This activity will help you to: • Identify and evaluate the claimed advantages and disadvantages of the privatisation of education. • Write a summary of your findings. How do marketisation and selection policies impact on schools?
Policies on gender • Equal opportunities policies • GIST • WISE – women into science & engineering • National Curriculum • Introduction of coursework • Equality in subjects • Impact of feminism • Higher education more open
Policies on ethnicity • Assimilation – knowledge of British culture • Criticised as victim blaming – ignores poverty and racism • Multicultural education – valuing all cultures e.g. Black History month • Misguided as minorities not lacking self-esteem • Critical race theorists – tokenism (see Topic 3) • New Right – keeps divisions, should learn British culture • Social inclusion – monitoring results, legislation, EAL. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-ND
Policies to encourage Social Inclusion • Detailed monitoring of results by ethnicity • Legal duty through Race Relations Act amendment • Help for voluntary ‘Saturday schools’ for minority ethnic groups • Continued funding of EAL These policies look at individuals rather than focusing on wider social problems • Mirza: fail to tackle structural causes • Gillborn: institutional racism must be tackled