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International Organizations and Global Governance

Explore the impact of IGOs and NGOs on the international system, from the United Nations to regional bodies like the EU. Learn how MNCs and religious movements shape global dynamics.

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International Organizations and Global Governance

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  1. Chapter Six Nonstate Actors in the Interstate System

  2. IGOs and NGOs • IGOs: intergovernmental organizations; members are states; have authority from state governments to make decisions regarding particular problems • NGOs: nongovernmental organizations; members are private individuals or groups who focus on specific aspects of the global agenda

  3. Figure 6.1: The Number of States, IGOs, and NGOs since 1900

  4. Table 6.1: A Simple Classification of Intergovernmental Organizations (IGOs)

  5. The United Nations • founded in 1945; successor to League of Nations • maintain international peace and security • promote peaceful relations between states • promote cooperation for solving international problems • encourage human rights and freedoms

  6. Figure 6.2: The Changing Membership of the United Nations, 1945-2005

  7. United Nations Structure • Security Council • General Assembly • Secretariat • International Court of Justice • Economic and Social Council • Trusteeship Council

  8. Map 6.1: The UN’s Headquarters and Global Network

  9. Aspects of the United Nations • General Assembly dominated by the Global South • controversy over size and nature of UN budget • controversy over dues amounts • controversy over inefficiency of UN bureaucracies

  10. World Trade Organization • successor to GATT (1947) • promotes stable international economic order and smooth international trade • formal decision-making powers over trade disputes • decreases state sovereignty • dominated by major powers

  11. World Bank • created at 1944 Bretton Woods conference • International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) • private and governmental loans to developing countries • upholds international economic system • promotes economic/political development and environmental sustainability

  12. International Monetary Fund • 1944 Bretton Woods; now a UN agency • stabilizes international monetary exchange rates • lender of last resort; balance of payments problems • dominated by wealthier states: weighted voting • tension with Global South

  13. The European Union • neoliberal theory: promote peace and prosperity through IGOs • single economy with a common currency • most western European states; most east European states also • contrast with pre-EU Europe: war and economic competition

  14. European Union Components • Council of Ministers • final authority over decisions • European Commission • propose laws, execute Council decisions • European Parliament • elected in member states, increasing power • Court of Justice • interprets EU law

  15. Figure 6.3: The European Union’s Governmental Structure

  16. Other Regional IGOs • NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization • APEC: Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation • ASEAN: Association of Southeast Asian Nations • CARICOM: Caribbean Community and Common Market • CAEU: Council of Arab Economic Unity • OIC: Organization of the Islamic Conference

  17. Nongovernmental Organizations • private interest groups • allow individuals to participate in global affairs • about 31,000 total • often work with IGOs such as the UN • challenge state sovereignty

  18. Indigenous Ethnic Groups • nonstate nations in the Fourth World • ethnopolitical groups: common nationality, language, cultural tradition, kinship ties • form cultural domains that can cross national borders • Kurds in Turkey, Iraq, Syria

  19. Map 6.2: The Indigenous Cultures of the Fourth World

  20. Map 6.2: The Indigenous Cultures of the Fourth World, cont.

  21. Map 6.3: The World’s Major Civilizations: Will their Clash Create Global Disorder?

  22. Map 6.4: Major Religions of the World

  23. Religious Movements • main source of identity for followers • can be sources of aggression • irredentism • secession • diasporas • terrorism

  24. Multinational Corporations • primary agents of globalization of production • strategic corporate alliances • virtual corporations • foreign direct investment • transnational banks • difficult for states to control

  25. Table 6.2Countries and Corporations:A Rankingby Size of Economy andRevenues

  26. Discussion • In what ways do IGOs and NGOs affect the structure of the international system? • In what ways have religious movements been causes of war and tension? • In what ways and in which issue areas could NGOs conceivably be more effective than IGOs?

  27. Discussion, continued • What are the prospects that the UN will become a more powerful and more effective institution? • In what ways do the WTO, World Bank, and IMF affect the Global South? • Could the EU replace the United States as the world’s hegemon?

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