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Lecture 5

Lecture 5. Personality. Outline. Introduction Trait Perspectives Social-Cognitive Perspectives Psychodynamic Perspectives Humanistic Perspectives. What is Personality?.

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Lecture 5

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  1. Lecture 5 Personality

  2. Outline • Introduction • Trait Perspectives • Social-Cognitive Perspectives • Psychodynamic Perspectives • Humanistic Perspectives

  3. What is Personality? • A particular pattern of behaviour and thinking prevailing across time and situations that differentiates one person from another (Carlson et al., 2000); a relatively stable predisposition to behave in a certain way (Gray, 2000)

  4. Trait Perspectives • A personality trait is an enduring personal characteristic that reveals itself in a particular pattern of behaviour in a variety of situations (Carlson et al., 2000)

  5. Trait Perspectives Aggressiveness Central Trait Argumentativeness Pugnaciousness Competitiveness Surface Trait Argues with room- mates Defends un- popular positions Writes letters to the editor Reacts with “road rage” Picks fights in bars Fights when playing sports Works hard to out- perform others Plays to win Behaviour

  6. Warm Abstract thinker Emotionally stable Dominant Enthusiastic Conscientious Bold Tender-minded Suspicious Imaginative Shrewd Apprehensive Experimenting Self-sufficient Controlled Tense Cattell’s 16 Personality Factors (16PF)

  7. Eysenck’s Three-Factor Model • Extroversion-Introversion • Neuroticism- Emotional Stability • Psychoticism- Self-Control

  8. The Five-Factor Model (The Big Five) • Openness • Conscientiousness • Extroversion • Agreeableness • Neuroticism

  9. Trait Perspectives • Traits vs. situations • Biological foundations

  10. Social Cognitive Perspectives (Social Learning) • Observational learning • Expectancies • Reciprocal determinism

  11. Social Cognitive Perspectives, cont. • Locus of Control (Rotter) • Internal-External • Self-efficacy (Bandura) • The expectations of success; the belief in one’s own competencies and abilities to perform a task

  12. Psychodynamic Perspectives:Freud • Basic Principles • Psychodynamic: mind is in a state of conflict among instincts, reasons, and conscience • Unconscious motivation • sex (libido) • aggression

  13. Psychodynamic Perspectives: Freud • Structures of the mind • Id • Ego • Superego

  14. Psychodynamic Perspectives:Freud • Defense mechanisms • Repression • Displacement (sublimation) • Reaction formation • Projection • Rationalization • Conversion

  15. Psychodynamic Perspectives:Freud • Psychosexual Theory of Personality Development • Oral stage (0-1 years) • Anal stage (2-3 years) • Phallic stage (3-5 years) • Latency period (5-12 years) • Genital stage (12 years through adulthood)

  16. Humanistic Perspectives • Maslow and Self-Actualization

  17. Humanistic Perspective, cont. • Rogers and Conditions of Worth

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