Principles of Rocketry

1. Principlesof Rocketry

2. Isaac Newton's 3rd law of Motion • For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

3. What is the Action? Solid Fuel Rockets • Fuel in solid form burns and is converted to hot gasses • Hot gasses expand and create high pressure • Pressure escapes out nozzle, pushing against air and rocket body equally - Reaction: Rocket moves forward, as gasses move backwards

4. DRAW THE ROCKET Gasses Rocket Action Reaction Equal pressure in all directions Pascal’s Principle Hot gasses escaping Nozzle Burning fuel Producing hot gasses Solid Fuel

5. Space Shuttle:Solid and Liquid Fuel Rockets Liquid Fuel and Oxygen tank Feeding Engines Solid Fuel Rocket Boosters

6. Our Water Rockets • Instead of hot gasses creating pressure, we use a bike pump and store pressure Action: Expelling water from engine bottle. (water is forced down) Reaction: Water resisting against rocket body. (Rocket is forced up)

7. Water Rockets Work Like Real Rockets Pascal’sPrinciple Reaction: Bottle forced up by water being expelled down High Air pressure is transmitted equally in all directions and parts of the fluid. Action: Water forced out and down by air pressure

8. Other factors that make the Water Bottle Rocket Fly WRITE WRITE WRITE Compressed Air + Water

9. Mother Nature doesn't like it when things aren't equal! When you pull the pin on the launch pad, and the latch holding your rocket to the launch pad pulls back, no force will be holding that rocket down! The unbalanced force of the High air pressure inside of your rocket will instantly rush out of the rocket nozzle pushing your rocket into the sky!

10. Newton's 3 Laws Explains Everything Newton's 3 Laws of Motion • #1An object will stay at rest unless a force acts upon it. • #2Force = Mass x Acceleration • #3For every action there is an equal an opposite reaction.

11. How Newton's Laws Affect Our Rockets • Newton'sFirst Law When you pressurize your rocket and compress all of that air into your rocket engine, the force of the launch pad latch equals the force of the compressed air. Your rocket is resting, it will go nowhere.

12. Newton'sSecond Law This law tells you how much force (push) is going to come out of your rocket nozzle. The air is the accelerant, the water is the mass. You are limited to a 2000 ml volume rocket engine (a 2 liter pop bottle).What ratio of compressed air (limited to 65 psi) and water (your choice) will produce the most force? About half the bottle full of water 100mLs Too much mass = too much inertia No mass = nothing to push off of

13. Newton'sThird Law • When you pull the pin, that area of High Air Pressure in the top of your rocket engine is going to force, throw, hurl, spew that "massive" water out the bottom of your rocket at a great speed. That water and air is pushing down, so your rocket must go up.

14. Stability During Flight The orientation of fins and distribution of mass help make the rocket stable. Center of Gravity Center of Pressure

15. Center of Gravity

16. Stability During Flight…. Think about a dart…. Fins or feathers in the rear act like wind veins and trail behind Heavy mass in front carries the momentum

18. Bring These Materials to class on Monday • Two, 2-Liter soda bottles • Old cd’s • Duct Tape • Manila envelopes • Clay • Stickers, paint, colorful duct tape for prettiness and other decorations are optional

19. Lesson by Mr. Alex Sowyrda Cooperating Teacher: Mr. Robert Jones Kenney Middle School 7th Grade Technology Hannibal, NY Sept – Oct 2004 • http://www.hannibal.cnyric.org/TeacherWebs/Rjones/rockets/PowerPoint/Rocketry_files/frame.htm