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Music ~ Broadway Musical ~. 2006.2.3 Shinji Sato. Today’s Procedure. First Part ・・・ About Broadway Musical Second Part ・・・ Video PBS: “Broadway - The American Musical” Last Part ・・・ Cost of Musical . First Part. Broadway.
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Music~Broadway Musical~ 2006.2.3 Shinji Sato
Today’s Procedure • First Part ・・・About Broadway Musical • Second Part ・・・VideoPBS: “Broadway - The American Musical” • Last Part ・・・Cost of Musical
Broadway • Broadway is a wide avenue in New York City, and is the north-south main thoroughfare in the city. • The name Broadway is an English translation of the Dutch name, Breede weg. • The street is famous as the pinnacle of the American theatre industry. Pic1 Pic2
What is Musical? • Musical is a form of play combining music, songs, dance and spoken dialogue • The musical components of a traditional musical are generally referred to as the score, with sung lines considered the lyrics and the spoken lines the “book”
Difference between Broadway, Off-Broadway and Off-Off-Broadway • Theatre names are defined as seat numbers More than 300 seats From 100 to 299 Seats Under 99 Seats
Procedure Style on Stage 1. Traditional Style with lines and songs⇒ Most of the Musical 2. Mainly with songs (e.g. Les Misérables, Cats, The Phantom of the Opera, Sunset Blvd, etc) 3. Mainly with dance (e.g. Movin’ Out, etc)
Music Genre 1. European Classic 2. Pop/Rock 3. Jazz 4. Ethnic Music 5. Traditional 6. Mixture
Story Genre 1. Literature/Saga 2. Conceptual 3. Back Stage 4. Romantic 5. Suspense 6. Youth 7. Fairy tale 8. Comedy
Chart of Musical Genre Classified by Shinji Sato, based of Takashi Ishihara
Longest Broadway Runs (performances as of 1/9/06) Rank Show Performances 1 The Phantom of the Opera 7,486 2 Cats 7,485 3 Les Misérables 6,680 4 A Chorus Line 6,137 5 Oh! Calcutta 5,959 6 Beauty and the Beast 4,813 7 Miss Saigon 4,092 8 Rent 4,034 9 Chicago (revival) 3,812 10 42nd Street 3,486
Opening Schedule Preparation for Premier(Ticket is cheaper than one after opening) Performance for Critics and Celebs Performed by the end of due Preview Premier/ Grand Open Open ※ Whether the musical is successful or not is mainly determine by the Critics’ Review at the Premier
Tony Award • An annual award celebrating achievements in live American theatre, including musical theatre • Awarded by a panel of approximately 700 judges from various areas of the industry and press • Winning a Tony award in a major category (Best Play, Best Musical, Best Play Revival, Best Musical Revival, Best Actor, Best Actress) can dramatically increase a show‘s ticket sales
Initial Cost The Phantom of the Opera La Cage aux Folles Wicked Camelot My One and Only The Lion King Dreamsgirls Follies Miss Saigon Unit:$100
Cost of Musical Number of Seats: 550, Ticket:$50, Weekly Performance:8 100% Attendance 44% $1,447,500 Initial Cost $1,447,500 $220,000 Weekly Sales $97,000 $71,500 Weekly Running Cost $71,500 $22,000 Weekly Rental Cost for Theatre $22,000 $30,000 Weekly Royalty $13,000 $96,500 Weekly Profit 0 15 Weeks Fund Payback Impossible
How Producer raise money? • Use his (her) own money • Invested by Angel ( Individual Investor for show business) • Audition for Investors (BACKERS AUDITION ) • Meeting to do presentation for new project
Closing level of attendance for Long Runs • 60% attendance is the dead line • High cost musicals: 70% attendance • Low cost musicals: 50% attendance • Sometimes show closes immediately after Grand Open • 4 days is the worst record: Red Shoes • Recently musical: Lennon See Web
Initial Cost in New York and London Rental Cost Stage Setting Cost Personnel Expenses Threefold !!! London New York
Tryout • Tentatively perform in middle-size cities, such as San Francisco, before performing in New York • Hedge the risk • Observe the audience reaction • PR before performing in New York
Success Track to New York Tryout or London Origin Musical come to New York to get the first rank honor of entertainment
Expansion from New York Popular musicals spread around the world
Film →Musical • The Lion King • Beauty and the Beast • 42nd Street • Sunset Blvd • Saturday Night Fiver • Big • Full Monty
Musical →Film • Chicago • Rent • Evita • The King and I • My Fair Lady • Sound of Music • West Side Story
Globalization and Media • Once popularized and awarded in New York, Musical has the chance to perform in other cities and countries. • To be success, taking advantage of media, such as advertisement and critic’s review, is a key.
Reference • Books • 野口 久光 『ミュージカルを楽しむ法』 晶文社、1997年 • 井上 一馬 『ブロードウェイ・ミュージカル』 文藝春秋、1999年 • 石原 隆司 『知っているようで知らない ミュージカル雑学辞典』2003年 • 重政 隆文 『ザッツ ブロードウェイ ミュージカル』 松本工房 1999年 • 藤田 敏雄 『ミュージカルはお好き? 日本人とミュージカル』 日本放送出版協会 2005年 • 萩尾 瞳 『ミュージカルに連れてって!』 青弓社 2000年 • 石原 隆司 『ミュージカル完全ガイド』 音楽之友社2000年 • オペラハンドブック編集部 『オペラ101物語』 新書館 1997年 • 淺香 淳 『オペラ辞典』 音楽之友社 1993年 • 堀内 修・石戸谷 結子 『オペラ・ハンドブック』 三省堂 1999年 • 永竹 由幸 『痛快!オペラ学』 集英社インターナショナル 2001年 • Video • NHK総合 『全6回放送「ブロードウェー」(ブロードウェー100年~華麗なるミュージカル)』 2006年1月2~6日
Thank you very much for your attention!!