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Robert Frost (1874-1963) A nature poet who used plain speech and short, traditional forms of lyrics Wrote: -�Nothing Gold Can Stay� -�The Road Not Taken� F. Scott Fitzgerald (1896-1940) Celebrated the boom of the 1920�s and crash of 1930�s Wrote: -The Great Gatsby T.S. Elliot (1888-1965) Most dominant literary figure between the world wars Wrote: -The Waste Land -Tradition and the Individual Talent Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961) Wrote: -A Farewell to Arms -For Whom the Bell Tolls -The Old Man and the Sea -The Sun also Rises Sylvia Plath (1932-1963) Committed suicide by gassing herself in kitchen Wrote: -The Bell Jar -Ariel -The Colossus E.E. Cummings (1894-1962) One of the most notable poets of the 20th C., used creativity in his poems Wrote: -The Enormous Room -Tulips and Chimneys William Faulkner (1897-1963) Experimented in use of stream-of-consciousness technique in his novels Wrote: -The Sound and The Fury -As I Lay Dying -Absalom! Absalom! Sherwood Anderson (1876-1941) Influenced Hemingway and Faulkner Wrote: -Windy McPherson�s Son -Many Marriages -Marching Men Upton Sinclair (1878-1968) American novelist, essayist, playwright, and short story writer Wrote: -The Jungle Willa Cather (1873-1947) Considered one of the best chroniclers of pioneering life in the 20th C. Wrote: -My Antonia -One of Ours Gertrude Stein (1874-1946) The autobiography of Alice B. Toklas Tender Buttons The Making of Americans Sinclair Lewis (1885-1951) 1st American to win Nobel Prize for Literature Wrote: -Arrowsmith -Main Street -Babbitt John Steinbeck (1902-1968) Considered foremost novelist of American Depression of the 1930�s Wrote: -The Grapes of Wrath -Of Mice and Men -The Red Pony Stephen Crane (1871-1900) Was internationally well-known for his depiction of ghetto life and the deprivation of war Wrote: -The Red Badge of Courage -Maggie, A Girl of the Streets James Fenimore Cooper (1789-1851) 1st great national novelist Wrote: -The Leatherstocking series -The Last of the Mohicans Mary Rowlandson (1635-1678) Wrote about her 11-week captivity by Indians during an Indian massacre of 1676 Wrote: -The Narrative Phillis Wheatly (1753-1784) 1st African-American to publish a book of fiction 1st Black woman poet in U.S. Wrote: -To S.M., a young African Painter, on seeing his works Ralph Waldo Emerson Famous Transcendentalist who wrote about nature and truth Wrote: -Nature -Self-Reliance -The Poet Frances Ellen Watkins Harper (1825-1911) Active in abolition, women�s sufferage, and temperance movement Wrote: -Sketches of Southern Life Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807-1882) Best known American poet of the 1800�s Wrote: -�The Song of Hiawatha� -�The Courtship of Miles Standish� Fredrick Douglass (1818-1895) Most famous black American anti-slavery leader and orator of era Wrote: -Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-1864) Rounded off the Puritan cycle in American writing Wrote: -The Scarlet Letter -�The Minister�s Black Veil� -The House of the Seven Gables Thomas Paine (1737-1809) Sold over 100,000 copies in 1st 3 months of publication of his 1st book Wrote: -Common Sense Anne Bradstreet (1612-1672) Wrote long, religious poems on conventional subjects and poems about daily life and her family 1st American Woman to publish a book 1st American to publish book of poems Wrote: -The 10th Muse Lately Sprung Up in America -�To My Dear and Loving Husband� Louisa May Alcott (1832-1888) Wrote: -Little Women -Little Men -8 Cousins -Rose in Bloom Walt Whitman (1819-1892) Wrote �The Song of Myself,� which he was most known for Wrote: -Leaves of Grass Mark Twain (Samuel Clemens) (1835-1910) Admired for capturing typical American experiences in a language which is realistic and charming Wrote: -The Adventures of Huck Finn -The Adventures of Tom Sawyer -Life on the Mississippi Jack London (1876-1916) Wrote: -The Call of the Wild -White Fang -Seawolf -The War of the Classes Harriet Beecher Stowe (1811-1896) Depicts slavery as evil b/c it divides families and destroys normal parental love Wrote: -Uncle Tom�s Cabin Samson Occom (1723-1792) Wrote one of the earliest autobiographies of an American Indian, which explains his conversion to Christianity and rejection of his tribe, Mohawks Wrote: -A Short Narrative of My Life Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849) Invented detective fiction Wrote: -�The Raven� -The Purloined Letter -The Gold Bug Herman Melville (1819-1891) Wrote: -Moby Dick -Typee -Bartleby, the Scrivner John Smith (1580-1631) Captain who started Jamestown colony Married Pocahontas Wrote: -A Map of VA, with a Description of the country Jonathan Edwards (1703-1758) Leader of the The Great Awakening in New England and was a frightening Sermonist Wrote: -�Sinners at the Hands of an Angry God.� Henry James (1843-1916) Made important contributions to the literary theories Wrote: -The Portrait of a Lady -The Turn of the Screw -�The Art of Fiction� Emily Dickinson (1830-1886) Wrote nearly 8,000 poems on love, nature, faith, and death Uses ambiguity, obscurity, and onomatopoeia John Greenleaf Whittier (1807-1892) Respected for his anti-slavery poems Wrote: -�Snowbound� -�Ichabod� Cotton Mather (1663-1728) Gave insight into his views on puritan society and wrote chronicles on settlement of N.E. Wrote: -Magnalia Christ I Americana William Byrd II (1674-1744) One of the 1st Americans to document appreciation of America�s vast wilderness Wrote: -History of the Dividing Line Ambrose Bierce (1842-1914) Noted for his Civil War tales Wrote: -Devil�s Dictionary -Tales of Soldiers and Civilians -Can Such Things Be? Paul Laurence Dunbar (1872-1906) Well known for his poetry that was written in the dialect of southern blacks 1st African-American to gain national prominence as a poet Wrote: -Oak and Ivy -In Old Plantation Days Jupiter Hammon (1711-1806) 1st black writer to publish in America Wrote: -Evening Thought; An Essay on the 10 Virgins -�An Address of Miss Phyllis Wheatly� St. Jean de Cr�vecoeur (1735-1813) 1st European writer to explore the concept of the American dream Wrote: -Letters From an American Farmer Edward Taylor (1642-1729) Finest example of 17th C. poetry in America Best writer of the Puritan Times Wrote: -Prepatory Meditations John Winthrop (1588-1649) Gave a famous speech conveying idea of Manifest Destiny in different wording Wrote: -�A Model of Christian Charity� -�On Liberty� William Bradford (1589-1590) One of the authors of The Mayflower Compact Wrote: -History of the Plymouth Plantation Washington Irving (1789-1859) 1st American literary humorist Introduced non-fiction prose as a genre Wrote: -Rip Van Winkle -The Legend of SleepyHollow William Cullen Bryant (1794-1878) Wrote: -Thanatopsis Translated: -Illiad -Odyssey Maya Angelou (1928-present) *One of the greatest voices of contemporary literature *Has written 12 best sellers which includes I Know Why the Cage Bird Sings and her more current A Song Flung Up to Heaven *Another icon (Oprah) respectfully transcends Maya�s words, �If you get � give� Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) Apprenticed printer turned witty writer. Best known for 1733 Poor Richard�s Almanac, which preached the value of hard work and thrift along with clever maxims for achieving wealth. Other Works: -Rules by which a Great Empire May be Reduced to a Small Once -Remarks Concerning the Savages of North America -The Autobiography Emily Dickinson (1830-1886) Wrote, at the last count, 1,789 poems. Only a handful of them were published during her lifetime � all anonymously and probably without her knowledge. Wrote: �I shall know why, when time is over� �I never lost as much but twice� Harlem Renaissance (unofficially = 1919-mid 1930s) Flowering of African American art, music, literature, and culture in the US led primarily by the African American community based in Harlem, NY Langston Hughes Zora Neal Hurston