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Uprising in Kyrgyzstan 2005

Uprising in Kyrgyzstan 2005. Andrew E. Fitzpatrick fitzpaae@uwec.edu Geography 308 (Russia and Eastern Europe) Professor Zoltan Grossman University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Spring 2005. Map: http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/maps/kg-map.gif

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Uprising in Kyrgyzstan 2005

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  1. Uprising in Kyrgyzstan2005 Andrew E. Fitzpatrickfitzpaae@uwec.edu Geography 308 (Russia and Eastern Europe) Professor Zoltan Grossman University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Spring 2005 Map: http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/maps/kg-map.gif Flags: http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/flags/kg-lgflag.gif

  2. Askar Akayev • Elected President of Kyrgyzstan shortly after gaining independence in 1991 • Initially viewed by West as a “democrat” http://us.news1.yimg.com/us.yimg.com/p/rids/20050324/i/r4127819961.jpg http://www.numismondo.com/pm/kgz/akayev.gif

  3. Askar Akayev • Re-elected in 1995 • Begins consolidating power of president while decreasing power of legislature in capital of Bishkek http://images.encarta.msn.com/xrefmedia/sharemed/targets/images/pho/000fb/000fb715.jsm http://eng.gateway.kg/data/eng/27.shtml!!9371307372.jpg

  4. Elected to a third term in 2000 • Many international observers report the elections flawed http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/media/images/40871000/jpg/_40871561_vote-ap-203x300.jpg http://www.theepochtimes.com/news_images/2005-1-27-khyrgyz.jpg

  5. Opposition • As Akayev moved further from democratization, opposition to his governance arose • The Kyrgyz opposition is a “bloc” of political parties, civil society groups, and human rights organizations focusing on economic stagnation and regional and economic exclusion • General agreement among opposition groups that economic reform is needed • Disagreement about specific reform tactics • Also differing opinions on favoring West vs. favoring Russia http://www.un.org/av/photo/ga/images/45024.jpg

  6. Parliamentary elections, Round OneFebruary 2005 • Several independent and opposition party candidates are barred from running, sparking protests http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/media/images/40860000/jpg/_40860469_maliyev1-ap203.jpg http://us.news2.yimg.com/us.yimg.com/p/afp/20050329/capt.sge.bwi30.290305114131.photo02.photo.default-384x269.jpg

  7. Parliamentary elections, Round TwoMarch 2005 • Protests increase in intensity • Demonstrations spread from south to Bishkek in the north Top Photo: http://us.news2.yimg.com/us.yimg.com/p/nm/20050323/mdf905291.jpg Bottom Photo: http://us.news2.yimg.com/us.yimg.com/p/afp/20050322/capt.sge.acu58.220305132941.photo00.photo.default-384x297.jpg

  8. Akayev overthrown • Protesters take over official buildings, Akayev flees country http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/4409519.stm http://us.news2.yimg.com/us.yimg.com/p/afp/20050321/capt.sge.uwb22.210305155054.photo01.photo.default-384x305.jpg

  9. Kurmanbek Bakiev • Akayev officially resigns April 4, 2005 • Kurmanbek Bakiev, an opposition leader and former Prime Minister, is confirmed by the newly elected parliament as President http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4397409.stm

  10. Presidential elections set for June 26, 2005 • Kurmanbek Bakiev will remain President in the meantime • Who will Kyrgyzstan elect as the next President? http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4443361.stm

  11. Opposition Leaders • Bakiev and Felix Kulov, both opposition leaders, are running in the June election http://us.news1.yimg.com/us.yimg.com/p/rids/20050411/i/r600105756.jpg http://medias.lemonde.fr/mmpub/edt/ill/2005/03/25/v_7_ill_631796_bakiev.jpg

  12. Divisions • There are already signs of division between these two opposition leaders • Kulov quickly resigned the Head of Security position Bakiev gave him after Akayev fled http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/4409519.stm

  13. Geographical Differences • Kurmanbek Bakiev: • Felix Kulov: Jalal-Abad http://medias.lemonde.fr/mmpub/edt/ill/2005/03/25/v_7_ill_631796_bakiev.jpg Bishkek http://us.news1.yimg.com/us.yimg.com/p/rids/20050411/i/r600105756.jpg

  14. http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/maps/kg-map.gif

  15. Bishkek Felix Kulov • Kyrgyzstan’s political power concentrated here • Kyrgyzstan’s main economic center; more economic opportunities http://www.bishkek.com/images/victorysquare.jpg http://img.aktuell.ru/rupol0010/images/Kulov_Felix-177.jpg

  16. Bishkek Felix Kulov • More closely integrated with Kazakhstan (than the south) • Bishkek is only a 4-hour drive from Almaty, the largest city in Kazakhstan http://www.bishkek.com/images/victorysquare.jpg http://img.aktuell.ru/rupol0010/images/Kulov_Felix-177.jpg

  17. Jalal-AbadKurmanbek Bakiev • Poorer part of Kyrgyzstan, more traditional society • Near the multi-ethnic Ferghana Valley in the south • Often feel their concerns are overlooked in Bishkek http://www.dellavalle.net/Kirgis3.html http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4397409.stm

  18. Jalal-AbadKurmanbek Bakiev http://www.dellavalle.net/Kirgis3.html http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4397409.stm • Practice of Islam more pervasive than in north • More oriented (in terms of location and culture) to Uzbekistan, Iran, Afghanistan, and other Muslim countries to the south • 10-hour drive from nearby Osh to Bishkek

  19. Mountains create “distance” between North and South, even though the distance appears short on maps Photo: http://www.seracfilms.com/Imagesaddeddate/ScannedSep22/pkpobieda.jpg Flags: http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/flags/kg-lgflag.gif

  20. Foreign Interests • Kyrgyzstan may seem like just a small, central Asian country, but the world is watching the uprising unfold • The increasingly globalized international system has interests in a stable Kyrgyzstan http://zhurnal.lib.ru/img/l/lepeshka_k_b/dacha/kyrgyzstan_jeti-oguz.jpg

  21. United States • Kyrgyzstan offered Manas air base near Bishkek to the U.S. after 9/11 (with Russian approval) for the Afghan war • Tended to side with opposition http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/3355319.stm http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/facility/images/manas-ik-12apr03_1.jpg

  22. Russia • Doesn’t want to lose influence in a country it sees as within its “sphere of influence” • Set up air base less than 25 miles from U.S. air base • Tended to side with Akayev; gave him sanctuary following uprising http://www.colorton.ru/foto/putin.jpg

  23. China • Also has interests in Kyrgyzstan; Xinjiang (Muslim province) borders eastern Kyrgyzstan • Hopes for a stable Kyrgyzstan to help prevent spread of Islamic extremism and growth of drug smuggling from nearby Afghanistan • Mistrustful of Russian and U.S. bases on its borders http://www.crwflags.com/art/countries1/china.gif

  24. Key to June elections is to give all Kyrgyz citizens, North and South, an equal say in government • Cooperation could transcend the geographical division between North and South Flags: http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/flags/kg-lgflag.gif Photo: http://www.nationalgeographic.com/wildworld/images/profiles/terrestrial/pa/sm/pa1014a.jpg

  25. Bibliography • Library of Congress Country Study • http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+kg0023) • EurasiaNet Human Rights: Kyrgyzstan: Organized Opposition and Civil Unrest • http://www.eurasianet.org/departments/rights/articles/eav121602.shtml • BBC News: Timeline: Kyrgyzstan • http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/country_profiles/1296570.stm • BBC News: Profile: Askar Akayev • http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/4371819.stm • BBC News: Kyrgyzstan faces post-Akayev future • http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/4409519.stm • BBC News: Q&A: Kyrgyzstan protests • http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/4379775.stm • BBC News: Kyrgyzstan’s new leaders • http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/4370925.stm Flags: http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/flags/kg-lgflag.gif

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