The rise of Surface disinfectants: A market driven by Hygiene, convenience.

1. The Rise of Surface Disinfectants: A Market Driven by Hygiene, Convenience, and Regulation The global market for surface disinfectants is expected to reach $6.29 billion by 2028. This represents a growth of 5.46% per year over the next five years.[1] This surge is fuelled by a heightened focus on hygiene, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, where concerns about viral transmission have driven demand for effective cleaning solutions. Convenience also plays a major role in shaping consumer preferences within the market. While excessive cleaning practices eased in 2021 consumers still prioritise cleanliness. They seek convenient, solutions that align with their, highlighting a shift towards smarter cleaning rather than solely upping the cleaning intensity.[2] (Commercial Cleaning Services: Total value and annual change from 2011-2029. Source: IBIS World) Ensuring the safety and efficacy of these products falls on the shoulders of the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA). This government agency plays a crucial role in regulating disinfectants, guaranteeing they meet rigorous standards before reaching consumers. Products claiming to kill specific pathogens like COVID-19 must be included in the ARTG (TGA). This regulatory framework is crucial for several reasons. The TGA's crucial role safeguard consumers, foster trust within the market, encourage product innovation, and promote proper disinfectant use through its regulatory framework. According to Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control (2022), hospital-acquired infections (HAI) contribute to approximately 75,000 deaths annually, with the largest contributors being sepsis and healthcare-acquired pneumonia.[3] Livingstone’s KOVIT Hospital Grade Disinfectant and Cleaner is designed for hard surfaces. KOVIT uses a fourth-generation formulation that has successfully passed the latest Hospital Grade ARTG regulation and testing. Utilising cutting-edge technology, KOVIT offers faster kill times and superior performance against a wide range of infectious bacteria, viruses, and fungi compared to older brands. Proudly Australian-made, KOVIT has been scientifically proven to eliminate COVID-19 within just 5 minutes. By combining cleaning and disinfecting practices into a single, user-friendly product, KOVIT is poised to revolutionise disease transmission prevention within the cleaning industry, contributing to a happier and healthier community. Formulation: KOVIT is a revolutionary 2-in-1, 4th-generation formulation that combines the power of a cleaner and disinfectant in one product. It stands as the sole offering in the Australian market to harness the benefits of both Benzalkonium chlorides (BAC) and Disecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC), resulting in disinfection times that are 50% faster than those of other popular brands. DDAC, a 4th-generation broad-spectrum antiseptic and disinfectant, works by naturally repelling bacteria and fungi, thereby reducing the growth of organisms and destroying their cellular structure to halt the spread of diseases at their source. Additionally, BAC, also a 4th-generation organic salt, effectively breaks down oils and eliminates microscopic contaminants from surfaces, ensuring thorough cleanliness. 1 livingstone.com.au sales@livingstone.com.au 1300 883 733

2. Key Features Natural Repellent DDAC's innate ability to repel bacteria and fungi adds an extra layer of protection, enhancing the cleanliness and safety of surfaces treated with KOVIT. Cutting-Edge Technology Being a 4th generation formulation, KOVIT integrates advanced technology for superior cleaning and disinfecting efficacy, ensuring optimal results with each application. 2-in-1 Formulation KOVIT distinguishes itself as a versatile cleaner and disinfectant, providing the convenience of a single product for multiple purposes, thereby saving time and resources. Advanced Technology Reduced Disinfecting Times Thanks to its innovative formulation, KOVIT requires 50% less disinfecting time compared to other popular brands, enabling faster and more efficient cleaning routines. Dual Active Ingredients KOVIT offers a unique combination of advanced technology, dual active ingredients, reduced disinfecting times, and broad-spectrum protection, making it an exceptionally effective and efficient solution for maintaining clean and hygienic environments in various settings. KOVIT sets itself apart in the Australian market by harnessing the power of both Benzalkonium chlorides (BAC) and Disecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC), offering comprehensive protection against a wide range of pathogens. Broad Spectrum Protection With DDAC as a key ingredient, KOVIT provides broad- spectrum antiseptic and disinfectant properties, effectively targeting bacteria and fungi to prevent the spread of diseases at the source. Microscopic Contaminant Removal Leveraging the properties of BAC, KOVIT efficiently breaks down oils and eliminates microscopic contaminants from surfaces, ensuring thorough cleaning and sanitation. In a market saturated with conventional, 1st Generation Formulation-based disinfectants, KOVIT emerges as a game-changer. Its 4th Generation Formulation introduces unprecedented effectiveness, efficiency, and safety to the realm of disinfection. KOVIT not only outperforms its predecessors but also sets a new industry benchmark by rapidly and thoroughly eliminating pathogens. Testing Results Test 1 Livingstone's KOVIT 2-in-1 disinfectant cleaner underwent testing against various bacteria. Here's a summary of the results: Test conducted by Merieux NutriSciences 2 livingstone.com.au sales@livingstone.com.au 1300 883 733

3. Objective: The objective of the test was to determine if KOVIT could prevent the growth of the listed bacteria strains. Methodology: The methodology involved exposing the bacteria strains to different concentrations of KOVIT and then measuring their growth in a recovery broth. Three concentrations of the disinfectant solution were used: neat, 1:2 dilution, and 1:3 dilution. For each bacteria strain and concentration, two challenges were performed. Results: Effectiveness against various bacteria: KOVIT demonstrated efficacy in preventing the growth of four common bacterial strains: Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. Concentration range: The test showed positive results at three different concentrations of the disinfectant solution: neat, 1:2 dilution, and 1:3 dilution. This indicates a level of potency even when diluted. Test adherence: The test was conducted following the designated procedure with controls functioning appropriately. Positive outcome: Based on this test, KOVIT achieved the intended outcome of stopping bacterial growth. Test 2 The test results are for a virucidal test conducted by Eurofins on Livingstone International's KOVIT disinfectant. Here's a summary of the objective, methodology, results, and observations: Objective: The objective was to determine the virucidal efficacy (ability to kill viruses) of KOVIT against Murine Hepatitis Virus (MHV-1) 3 livingstone.com.au sales@livingstone.com.au 1300 883 733

4. Methodology: Cell Line: A9 cells (ATCC/CCL-1.4) Virus Strain: Murine Hepatitis Virus (MHV-1) (ATCC/VR-261) Test Concentration: Undiluted (neat) Contact Time: 5 minutes Test Temperature: Room temperature Test Condition: Dirty conditions (with 5% Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS)) Neutraliser: 3 cc Sephadex Gel in Phosphate Buffer Saline (PBS) Results: Effective against MHV-1: The test demonstrates that KOVIT achieved a significant reduction (99.99%) in the concentration of Murine Hepatitis Virus (MHV-1) after a 5-minute exposure time. Hospital-grade Disinfection: The test was conducted under dirty conditions simulating real-world use scenarios in hospitals. No Cytotoxicity: The test confirms that KOVIT does not cause damage to the human cells used in the experiment at the tested concentration. Standardised Testing Method: The test employed the Reed & Muench LD50 Method, a well-established approach for determining viral activity. This method helps quantify the potency of the virus, allowing for a clearer understanding of the achieved reduction in viral concentration. Test 3 The product shall be deemed to have passed the NFEN 14476 + A2 (2019) standard if it demonstrates in a valid test at least 4 log reduction within 5 minutes or less at 20°C, with the chosen interfering substance (in dirty conditions (3g/L of BSA: 3mL/L erythrocytes) under the conditions defined by this standard when the test virus is H1N1 H1N1: for the products KI-OSE, the minimum viricidal concentration determined according to NF EN 14476+ A2 (2019)standard (test conditions: 20°C, 5 minutes in dirty conditions (3g/L of BSA+ 3mL/L) erythrocytes 5%. The 10% concentration is also active under test conditions. The 0.5% concentration is not virucidal under test conditions (20°C, 5 minutes, in dirty conditions 3g/L of BSA + 3mL/L erythrocytes). It is considered non-active, not inducing a reduction of 4 log under experimental conditions of the NF EN 14476+ A2 (2019) Objective: The objective of the test was to determine the minimum concentration of KOVIT required to achieve a 4-log reduction in viruses within 5 minutes at 20°C, according to the NF EN 14476+A2 (2019) standard. Methodology: The test was conducted using the NF EN 14476+A2 (2019) standard, which specifies a method for testing the virucidal activity of chemical disinfectants and antiseptics in quantitative suspension tests. The test was performed at 20°C for 5 minutes in dirty conditions (3g/L of BSA + 3mL/L erythrocytes). Results: Effective against HINI virus: KOVIT Knocks Out Virus' In Time demonstrated effectiveness against the HINI virus, achieving a 4-log reduction within 5 minutes at 20°C. Compliant with standard: The product's performance meets the requirements outlined in the NF EN 14476+A2 (2019) standard for this specific virus. Concentration efficiency: A 5% concentration of the product was sufficient to achieve the desired outcome, potentially indicating economical application. 4 livingstone.com.au sales@livingstone.com.au 1300 883 733

5. KOVIT Comparison: LIVINGSTONE HOSPITAL GRADE DISINFECTANT LIVINGSTONE COMMERCIAL GRADE DISINFECTANT OTHER DISINFECTANTS AVAILABLE AUST L 367530 4 AUST L XXXX 1 ARTG LISTED AUST L 336973 4 th Generation Quaternary DDAC + BAC th Generation Quaternary DDAC st Gen Quaternary BAC INGREDIENTS FORMULATION Light Pink Dark Pink COLOUR Clear 4 Years 18 Months SHELF LIFE 4 Years AIRCRAFT SAFE S.aureus E.coli P.aeruginosa E.hirae S.choleraesuis P.vulgaris BACTERIA E.faecalis K.pneumonia, Acinetobacter Baumannii Adenovirus Norovirus Murine Hepatitis (MHV) VIRUS Influenza A FUNGI C.albicans 5 livingstone.com.au sales@livingstone.com.au 1300 883 733

6. The table compares the performance of Kovit's hospital-grade and commercial-grade disinfectants against other disinfectants available in the market, aiding in making informed choices. KOVIT disinfectants are distinguished by specific features: ARTG Listed: KOVIT's Hospital Grade and Commercial Grade Disinfectants are designated unique ARTG numbers, indicating their registration with the Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA), ensuring compliance with regulatory standards. Generation of Quaternary: Both the Hospital Grade and Commercial Grade Disinfectants are classified as 4th generation quaternary products, highlighting their advanced formulations with enhanced efficacy. Active Ingredients: These disinfectants feature a potent combination of BAC (Benzalkonium chloride) and DDAC (Disecyldimethylammonium chloride), known for their powerful antimicrobial properties. Shorter Contact Times: KOVIT's Hospital Grade and Commercial Grade Disinfectants boast shorter contact times of 5 minutes compared to the 10 minutes required for Other Disinfectants Available, showcasing their faster disinfection capabilities. Longer Shelf Life: With shelf lives of 4 years, KOVIT's Hospital Grade and Commercial Grade Disinfectants offer longer storage durations, ensuring product stability and reliability over time. KOVIT's Hospital Grade and Commercial Grade Disinfectants emerge as preferred options for various disinfection needs. Their advanced formulations, quicker disinfection times, and extended shelf lives make them more efficient, dependable, and cost-effective choices compared to other available options. Conclusion The Australian disinfectant market thrives on the growing emphasis on hygiene and user-friendly cleaning options. Livingstone International addresses this need with KOVIT, a hospital-grade disinfectant formulated for superior performance against a broad spectrum of pathogens. KOVIT stands out with its compelling advantages: Multifaceted defence: Proven to combat bacteria, viruses (including COVID-19 and MHV-1), and fungi, offering comprehensive protection. Safety and efficacy: Backed by TGA approval, ensuring adherence to rigorous regulatory standards. Simplified cleaning: The 2-in-1 cleaning and disinfecting formula saves time and streamlines the cleaning process. Faster acting: Achieves disinfection in just 5 minutes against specific viruses, exceeding many competitors. Maintains effectiveness: Multiple effective concentrations ensure efficacy even when diluted, potentially reducing overall usage costs. Advanced formulation: Powered by a unique combination of DDAC and BAC, KOVIT offers enhanced disinfecting power and long-lasting protection. Australian-made: Supports local manufacturing and contributes to the economy. Independent verification through testing reinforces KOVIT's capabilities: Elimination of bacterial growth at various concentrations. Significant reduction (99.99%) in Murine Hepatitis Virus (MHV-1) within 5 minutes. 4-log reduction of H1N1 virus within 5 minutes at 20°C, complying with the EU standard. Livingstone International's commitment to innovation positions KOVIT as a powerful disinfectant with proven efficacy, offering reliable and effective solutions for individuals and businesses seeking superior hygiene and disease prevention. Its broad-spectrum effectiveness, faster-acting formula, and convenient 2-in-1 functionality make KOVIT a compelling choice in the Australian disinfectant market. References Mordor Intelligence 2024, Mordor Intelligence, accessed 10th March 2024, <https://www.mordorintelligence.com/industry-reports/surface-disinfectant-market> 1. Craig Bettenhausen 2022, Chemical & Engineering News, accessed 12th March 2024, <https://cen.acs.org/business/consumer-products/Cleaning-changed-during- pandemic-change/100/i3> National Library of Medicine 2022, National Library of Medicine, accessed 12th March 2024, <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9107205/> 3. 2. This white paper is intended for informational purposes only and should not be construed as medical advice or a substitute for professional medical consultation. While the information presented is based on research and testing, individual results may vary. Always consult with a healthcare professional before using any cleaning or disinfectant product, especially if you have any underlying health conditions. The information contained herein does not constitute any guarantee or warranty, expressed or implied, regarding the product's efficacy or safety. Livingstone International assumes no liability for any damages arising from the use of the Contact Livingstone: 1300 LIV BUY (1300 548 289) Livingstone.com.au sales@livingstone.com.au information provided in this white paper. Copyright Notice: All rights reserved. No part of this white paper may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written permission of Livingstone International. 6