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4.8 Shapes of Molecules

4.8 Shapes of Molecules. Determined by number of valence electrons of the central atom 3-D shape a result of bonded pairs and lone pairs of electrons Use VSEPR theory (valence-shell-electron-pair repulsion. Using the VSEPR Model. 1. Draw the electron-dot structure

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4.8 Shapes of Molecules

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  1. 4.8 Shapes of Molecules • Determined by number of valence electrons of the central atom • 3-D shape a result of bonded pairs and lone pairs of electrons • Use VSEPR theory (valence-shell-electron-pair repulsion Timberlake LecturePLUS

  2. Using the VSEPR Model 1. Draw the electron-dot structure • Identify the central atom • Count the total number of electron pairs around central atom • Predict the electron shape • Predict the shape of the molecule using the bonding atoms Timberlake LecturePLUS

  3. Shapes of Molecules Number of electron pairs 2 (= negative charge clouds) Number of bonded atoms 2 Angle 180° Name of shape linear Timberlake LecturePLUS

  4. BeCl2 Be 2 valence electrons .. .. : Cl : Be : Cl : .. .. .. .. : Cl Be Cl : linear, 180° .. .. Timberlake LecturePLUS

  5. More Electron Pairs Electron Angle Bonded Name of Pairs Atoms Shape 3 120° 3 trigonal planar 3 120° 2 angular Timberlake LecturePLUS

  6. Electron Shape with 3 Pairs Timberlake LecturePLUS

  7. BF3 B has 3 valence electrons 120° F trigonal planar B F F Timberlake LecturePLUS

  8. SO2 S has 2 bonded atoms , 1 lone pair (electron cloud) 120°, angular .... .. :O:: S:O: S .. OO Timberlake LecturePLUS

  9. More Electron Pairs Electron Angle Bonded Name of Pairs Atoms Shape 4 109° 4 tetrahedral 4 109° 3 pyramidal 4 109° 2 bent, angular Timberlake LecturePLUS

  10. Tetrahedral CH4 4 electron Pairs, 4 bonded atoms, 109° H H C H C H H H H H Timberlake LecturePLUS

  11. NH3 Pyramidal N has 4 electron pairs, 3 bonded H atoms Shape is called pyramidal .. H : N : H N .. H H H H .. Timberlake LecturePLUS

  12. H2O Bent or Angular O has 4 electron pairs, 2 bonded H atoms Shape is called bent or angular, 109° .. : O : H O .. H H H .. .. Timberlake LecturePLUS

  13. Learning Check Determine the molecular geometry of each of the following: A. CCl4 1) tetrahedral 2) pyramidal 3) angular B. SO3 1) trigonal planar 2) pyramidal 3) angular C. PCl3 1) trigonal planar 2) pyramidal 3) angular Timberlake LecturePLUS

  14. Solution Determine the molecular geometry of each of the following: A. CCl4 1) tetrahedral B. SO3 1) trigonal planar C. PCl3 2) pyramidal Timberlake LecturePLUS

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