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Fish Health/Disease. Mortality in Aquaculture Contributing Factors Natural mortality: Broodstock – age related Disease Viruses, Fungi, Bacteria and Parasites Infection vs. Disease Most are stress-mediated Disease transmission Though water – Through egg/adults – .
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Fish Health/Disease • Mortality in Aquaculture • Contributing Factors • Natural mortality: Broodstock – age related • Disease • Viruses, Fungi, Bacteria and Parasites • Infection vs. Disease • Most are stress-mediated • Disease transmission • Though water – • Through egg/adults –
Fish Health/Disease • Mortality in Aquaculture • Preventative measures (Bio-security) • Proper management • Early diagnosis of disease – treat early • Sanitation • Vaccination • Treatment • Isolation and Environmental Manipulation
Fish Health/Disease • Proper management • Observation of fish • Signs of stress • Unusual behavior • Skin lesions • Secondary infections • Due to stress Ex: Channel catfish in recirculation system • Average wt: 1 kg • Density: 600 g/l • Healthy condition • Power failure occurred • Resulted in: - - Costia epizootic several days later • Treatment with: • Disease + treatment = stress = additional disease due to other pathogens 1 week later = all fish died due to secondary infections.
Fish Health/Disease • Proper management • Sanitation • Disinfection of all equipment, tanks, people, etc. • Restrictions on visitors • Disinfect boots, waders, etc. • Vaccines • Injection • Immersion/spray • Oral (feed) • Ongoing research and development • Viral and bacterial diseases
Fish Health/Disease • Treatment • Isolation • Isolate affected animals or groups • Avoid contamination with uninfected groups • Physical environment • Disease treatments • Temperature or salinity changes • Re-circulation systems • Ponds • Difficult to treat