Introduction to Plants

1. Introduction to Plants • The Big Idea: Plants have several common characteristics that can be classified by their structures. • SPI’s 0707.1.3 Explain the basic functions of a major organ system. 0707.4.2 Match flower parts with their reproductive functions.

2. Introduction to Plants Preview Section 1What Is a Plant? Section 2Seedless Plants Section 3Seed Plants Section 4Structures of Seed Plants Concept Mapping

3. Section1 What Is a Plant? Bellringer # 1 List the differences between plant cells and animal cells. Open text to pg 152. Set up notes for 6.1. Turn test corrections in.

4. Section1 What Is a Plant? Objectives • Identify four characteristics that all plants share. • Describe the four main groups of plants.

5. Section1 What Is a Plant? Plant Characteristics • Photosynthesis Process plants use energy from sunlight to make food from carbon dioxide and water. • Sunlight + 6CO2 + 6H2O ------> C6H12O6 + 6O2 • CuticlesA cuticle is a waxy layer that coats most of the surfaces of plants that are exposed to air.

6. Section1 What Is a Plant? Plant Characteristics, continued • Cell WallsPlant cells are surrounded by a rigid cell wall. • ReproductionPlants have two stages in their life cycle — the sporophyte stage and the gametophyte stage.

7. Sporophyte stage: plant makes spores that grow into the gametophyte stage of a plant’s life cycle. • During the gametophyte stage, egg and sperm are produced. • The fertilized egg grows into a sporophyte plant. • FertilizationSportphytesporesgametophytesex cellsfertilization

10. Section1 What Is a Plant? Plant Classification • Nonvascular PlantsA nonvascular plant doesn’t have specialized tissues to move water and nutrients. • Vascular PlantsA plant that has tissues to deliver water and nutrients from one part of the plant to another: vascular plants.

11. Section1 What Is a Plant?

12. 6.1 vocab • Photosynthesis • Cuticles • Nonvascular plant • Vascular plant • Gymnosperm • Angiosperm

13. Section2 Seedless Plants Bellringer #2 Contrast vascular and nonvascular plants. Open text to pg 156. Set up notes for 6.2

14. Section2 Seedless Plants Objectives • List three nonvascular plants and three seedless vascular plants. • Explain how seedless plants are important to the environment. • Describe the relationship between seedless vascular plants and coal.

15. Section2 Seedless Plants Nonvascular Plants • Mosses often live together in large groups, have leafy stalks, and a rhizoid: rootlike structure that holds the plants in place and helps plants get water and nutrients.

16. Moss sporophyte

17. Section2 Seedless Plants Nonvascular Plants, continued • Liverworts and Hornwortssmall, nonvascular plants that usually live in damp places. • The Importance of Nonvascular PlantsNonvascular plants are usually the first plants to live in a new environment. Form a thin layer of soil when they die.

18. LiverwartHornwart

19. Section2 Seedless Plants vascular Plants • Ferns grow in many places, from the cold arctic to humid tropical forests. • have a rhizome: a horizontal, underground stem that produces new leaves, shoots, and roots. • Frond-fern leaf

21. Section2 Seedless Plants Seedless Vascular Plants, continued • The Importance of Seedless Vascular PlantsFerns, horsetails, and club mosses help form soil and prevent soil erosion. • Some can be eaten, used in dietary supplements, shampoos, and skin-care products.

22. Section2 Seedless Plants Seedless Vascular Plants, continued • The remains of ferns, horsetails, and club mosses form coal that humans rely on for energy.

23. 6.2 vocab • Moss • Fern • Frond • Rhizoid • Rhizome • Coal

24. Section 3Seed Plants Bellringer # 3 What is a benefit of seedless vascular plants? Open text to pg 160. Set up notes for 6.3

25. Section 3Seed Plants Objectives • Describe three ways that seed plants differ from seedless plants. • Describethe structure of seeds. • Compare angiosperms and gymnosperms. • Explain the economic and environmental importance of gymnosperms and angiosperms..

26. Section 3Seed Plants Characteristics of Seed Plants • Seed plants differ from seedless plants in the following ways: • Seed plants produce seeds. • The gametophytes of seed plants do not live independently of the sporophyte. • For sexual reproduction, the sperm of seed plants do not need water to reach an egg.

27. Section 3Seed Plants The Structure of Seeds • A seed is made up of three parts: a young plant (sporophyte), stored food, and a seed coat surrounds and protects the young plant.

29. Section 3Seed Plants Gymnosperms, continued • The Importance of Gymnosperms People use conifer wood for building materials and paper products. • Resin, a sticky fluid produced by pine trees, is used to make soap, turpentine, paint, and ink.

30. Section 3Seed Plants Gymnosperms, continued • Gymnosperm Life Cycle Sperm from pollen in the male cone fertilize the eggs of the female cone. A fertilized egg develops into a young sporophyte within the female cone. • Pollination: transfer of pollen from the male reproductive structures to the female structures of seed plants.

32. Section 3Seed Plants Angiosperms • Angiosperms are vascular plants that produce flowers and fruit. • Angiosperm ReproductionFlowers attract animals that help spread pollen to help them reproduce. • Fruits surround and protect the seeds, and help distribute their seeds.

33. Section 3Seed Plants Angiosperms, continued • The Importance of Angiosperms • Major food crops, such as corn, wheat, and rice, are flowering plants. • Used to make cloth fibers, rope, medicines, rubber, perfume oil, and building materials.

34. 6.3 vocab • Pollen • Pollination • Cotyledons • Conifers • Xylem (section 4) • Phloem (section 4)

35. Section 4Structures of Seed Plants Bellringer # 4 Why do angiosperms have flowers and fruits? Open text to pg 166. Set up notes for 6.4

36. Section 4Structures of Seed Plants Objectives • Listthree functions of roots and three functions of stems. • Describe the structure of a leaf. • Identify the parts of a flower and their functions.

37. Section 4Structures of Seed Plants Characteristics of Seed Plants • There are two types of vascular tissue in plants: • Xylem: provides support and conducts water and nutrients from the roots. • Phloem : conducts food in vascular plants.

38. Section 4Structures of Seed Plants Transporting Materials Throughout the Plant Click below to watch the Visual Concept. Visual Concept

39. Section 4Structures of Seed Plants Roots • Root Functions • supply plants with water and dissolved minerals. • hold plants securely in the soil. • store surplus food made during photosynthesis

40. Section 4Structures of Seed Plants

41. Section 4Structures of Seed Plants Stems • Stem Functions: • connects a plant’s roots to its leaves and flowers. • support the plant body. • transport materials between the root system and the shoot system. • store materials.

42. Section 4Structures of Seed Plants Leaves • Leaf: make food for the plant.

44. Section 4Structures of Seed Plants Flowers • Sepals and Petals • The modified leaves that make up the outermost ring of flower parts and protect the bud: sepals. • Petals: broad, flat, thin leaflike parts of a flower. Attract pollinators.

45. Section 4Structures of Seed Plants Flowers, continued • The male reproductive structure of a flower: stamen. • It is made up of a stalky filament and a pollen producing anther.

46. Apistilis the female reproductive structure of a flower. • It is made up of the sticky stigma, a long slender style, and a rounded base called the ovary. • The ovary contains ovules that have eggs. • The ovary develops into a fruit.

48. 6.4 vocab • Sepal • Petal • Stamen • Anther • Pistil • Ovary

49. Introduction to Plants Concept Mapping Use the terms below to complete the concept map on the next slide. angiosperms pollen vascular gametophyte plants xylem sporophyte nonvascular

50. Bellringer # Introduction to Plants