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Pasteurellaceae

Pasteurellaceae. Human Pathogens. Haemophilus influenzae Haemophilus ducreyi Oppurtunists: Haemophilus parainfluenzae Haemophilus spp. Pasteurella multocida Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. Pasteurellaceae General Overview. Taxonomic Confusion in Family Pasteurellaceae

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Pasteurellaceae

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  1. Pasteurellaceae

  2. Human Pathogens • Haemophilus influenzae • Haemophilus ducreyi • Oppurtunists: • Haemophilus parainfluenzae • Haemophilus spp. • Pasteurella multocida • Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans

  3. Pasteurellaceae General Overview • Taxonomic Confusion inFamily Pasteurellaceae • Three Genera: • Haemophilus: Most Common in Human Disease • Actinobacillus • Pasteurella • Haemophilus • Common Characteristics of Family • Small (0.2 x 0.3-2.0 mm) Gram-negative Nonmotile bacilli • Aerobic or facultatively anaerobic • Fastidious growth requirements

  4. Pasteurellaceae Differential Characteristics • X factor = hemin (hematin) • V factor = (NAD or NADP) • nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

  5. Haemophilus

  6. Haemophilus General Overview • Gram-negative bacilli liking blood (as per genus name) • Obligate Parasites of Man and Animals • Major pathogens for which humans are natural hosts • Haemophilus influenzae • Acute pyogenic, normally invasive infections • Chronic infections with H. influenzae as 2o pathogen • Haemophilus ducreyi • True pathogen (i.e., not found in healthy individuals) • STD; Soft chancre (chancroid)

  7. Haemophilus Diseases

  8. Haemophilus Infections (see others in text) PRP = polyribitol phosphate

  9. Haemophilus Infections (cont.) • NOTE: • Polysaccharide PRP is weakly immunogenic • Pediatric immunity not mature for processing polysaccharide antigens until ~18 months • Conjugated Vaccine: PRP conjugated to protein carrier induces protective immunity (carriers may include: diphtheria toxoid, tetanus toxoid or meningococcal OMP)

  10. Haemophilus influenzae Incidence (per 100,000) NOTE: Dramatic decrease in children <5 years; remains constant in older children

  11. Haemophilus influenzae Diseases

  12. Haemophilus ducreyi Incidence

  13. Actinobacillus

  14. Actinobacillus General Overview • Slow-growing; Small; Gram-negative Bacilli • Facultatively Anaerobic • Require CO2for growth on chocolate or blood agar • Three Species of Actinobacillus Associated with Human Disease • Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans is: • Most serious pathogen of genus • Hyperadherent in vitro and on damaged heart valves • Commonly isolated with Actinomyces -comitansisLatin for “accompanying” • Normal oropharyngeal flora in 20% of healthy people

  15. Actinobacillus Diseases Juvenile & adult Subacute Human

  16. Pasteurella

  17. Pasteurella General Overview • Small; Gram-negative; Fermentative Pleomorphic Coccobacilli • Facultatively Anaerobic • Therefore infects sutured bites or scratches • Pasteurella multocida: • Most common human pathogen • Domestic pets serve as major reservoir • Commensals in upper respiratory tract of dogs,cats,etc. • Human infection often related to animal bites or scratches or shared food (and you wondered why that lady was buying so much cat food --- it’s cheaper!)

  18. Pasteurella DIseases • Three Forms of Disease • Localized cellulitis and lymphadenitis following animal bite or scratch • In patients with underlying lung dysfunction, worsening of chronic pulmonary disease from aspiration of organisms colonizing patient’s oropharynx • Systemic infection in immunocompromised • Liver disease patients at highest risk

  19. Pasteurella Diseases (cont.) Animal scratch or

  20. REVIEW of Pasteurellaceae

  21. Pasteurellaceae Differential Characteristics • X factor = hemin (hematin) • V factor = (NAD or NADP) • nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide REVIEW

  22. Review of Haemophilus

  23. Haemophilus General Overview • Gram-negative bacilli liking blood (as per genus name) • Obligate Parasites of Man and Animals • Major pathogens for which humans are natural hosts • Haemophilus influenzae • Acute pyogenic, normally invasive infections • Chronic infections with H. influenzae as 2o pathogen • Haemophilus ducreyi • True pathogen (i.e., not found in healthy individuals) • STD; Soft chancre (chancroid) REVIEW

  24. Haemophilus Diseases REVIEW

  25. Haemophilus Infections (see others in text) PRP = polyribitol phosphate REVIEW

  26. Haemophilus Infections (cont.) • NOTE: • Polysaccharide PRP is weakly immunogenic • Pediatric immunity not mature for processing polysaccharide antigens until ~18 months • Conjugated Vaccine: PRP conjugated to protein carrier induces protective immunity (carriers may include: diphtheria toxoid, tetanus toxoid or meningococcal OMP) REVIEW

  27. Haemophilus influenzae Incidence (per 100,000) • NOTE: Dramatic decrease • inchildren <5 years • following use of PRP • conjugated vaccine; • Disease rate remains • constant in older children REVIEW

  28. Haemophilus ducreyi Incidence REVIEW

  29. Review of Actinobacillus

  30. Actinobacillus General Overview • Slow-growing; Small; Gram-negative Bacilli • Facultatively Anaerobic • Require CO2for growth on chocolate or blood agar • Three Species of Actinobacillus Associated with Human Disease • Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans is: • Most serious pathogen of genus • Hyperadherent in vitro and on damaged heart valves • Commonly isolated with Actinomyces -comitansisLatin for “accompanying” • Normal oropharyngeal flora in 20% of healthy people REVIEW

  31. Actinobacillus Diseases Juvenile & adult Subacute Human REVIEW

  32. Review of Pasteurella

  33. Pasteurella General Overview • Small; Gram-negative; Fermentative Pleomorphic Coccobacilli • Facultatively Anaerobic • Therefore infects sutured bites or scratches • Pasteurella multocida: • Most common human pathogen • Domestic pets serve as major reservoir • Commensals in upper respiratory tract of dogs,cats,etc. • Human infection often related to animal bites or scratches or shared food (and you wondered why that lady was buying so much cat food --- it’s cheaper!) REVIEW

  34. Pasteurella DIseases • Three Forms of Disease • Localized cellulitis and lymphadenitis following animal bite or scratch • In patients with underlying lung dysfunction, worsening of chronic pulmonary disease from aspiration of organisms colonizing patient’s oropharynx • Systemic infection in immunocompromised • Liver disease patients at highest risk REVIEW

  35. Pasteurella Diseases (cont.) Animal scratch or REVIEW

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