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Early Medieval Kingship “Doctrine of the Two Swords” (ca. late 8 th century)

Early Medieval Kingship “Doctrine of the Two Swords” (ca. late 8 th century). God. “temporal sword”. “spiritual sword”. Kings. Pope. Archbishops. Counts Latin “comites” meaning “companions”. Bishops. Bishops. Lesser nobility. Lesser nobility. Priests. Priests. Priests. Knights

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Early Medieval Kingship “Doctrine of the Two Swords” (ca. late 8 th century)

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  1. Early Medieval Kingship“Doctrine of the Two Swords” (ca. late 8th century) God “temporal sword” “spiritual sword” Kings Pope Archbishops Counts Latin “comites” meaning “companions” Bishops Bishops Lesser nobility Lesser nobility Priests Priests Priests Knights (non-heritable, not necessarily noble) Knights Deacons & Sub-Deacons Peasants

  2. Theocratic Kingship“Doctrine of the Two Swords”Late Roman & ByzantineClaimed by Henry IV (HRE) in 1075 God Emperor (Wields both “temporal” sword & “spiritual sword”) Kings Pope Patriarch (Eastern Church) Counts Latin “comites” meaning “companions” Archbishops Bishops Bishops Lesser nobility Lesser nobility Priests Priests Priests Knights Knights (non-heritable, not necessarily noble) Knights Deacons & Sub-Deacons Peasants

  3. Early Medieval Kingship“Doctrine of the Two Swords”Gregorian Revolution (ca. 1075) God “spiritual sword” “temporal sword” Pope (Vicar of Christ) Emperor Kings Kings Kings Archbishops Counts Counts Bishops Bishops Lesser nobility Lesser nobility Priests Priests Priests Knights (non-heritable, not necessarily noble) Knights Deacons & Sub-Deacons Peasants

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