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Motion. Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration. Frames of Reference. The object or point from which movement is determined Movement is relative to an object that appears stationary Earth is the most common frame of reference. Questions. What is the frame of reference for the sunset?
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Motion Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration
Frames of Reference • The object or point from which movement is determined • Movement is relative to an object that appears stationary • Earth is the most common frame of reference
Questions • What is the frame of reference for the sunset? • What is a frame of reference? • What is the most common frame of reference?
Question • When can you determine how fast you are going in a jet plane?
Motion • Motion is a change in position relative to a frame of reference • Speed is the distance traveled in a given amount of time • Speed=distance • time
Speed • The units for speed: • meters/second (m/sec) • kilometers/hour (km/hr) • Speed that does not change is constant speed
Average speed • Total distance divided by the total time • Formula: • Total distance total time
Velocity • Speed in a given direction • Velocities in the same direction combine by adding • Velocities in different directions combine by subtracting
Interesting fact • Rockets are launched in the same direction of the earth’s rotation to get an extra boost of 1800 km/hr to its speed
Questions • What is motion? • What is speed? How is it calculated? • What is average speed?
Questions • How is velocity different from speed? • Which two factors determine an object’s velocity?
Acceleration • The change in velocity • Acceleration is measured in m/sec/sec or m/sec2 • Formula is: • (final velocity - original velocity)/time
Deceleration vs. Acceleration • A decrease in velocity is deceleration or negative acceleration • A distance-time graph for acceleration is always a curve
Centripetal Acceleration • Acceleration directed toward the center of circular path
Questions • What is acceleration? • What is the shape of a distance-time graph for acceleration? • What is centripetal acceleration?
Momentum • Momentum is equal to the mass of an object times its velocity • momentum= mass x velocity
Conserving Momentum • The law of conservation of momentum states that the total momentum is NOT lost, only transferred
Questions • What is momentum? • What happens to momentum as the mass of a moving object increases? • What is the formula for momentum? • What is the law of conservation of momentum?