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1914-1918: The World at War. By: Ms. Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley H. S. Chappaqua, NY. Who’s To Blame? “The world needed a great statesman to keep them out of war, but no such statesman existed”. Britain was in a power race with Germany
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1914-1918:The Worldat War By: Ms. Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley H. S.Chappaqua, NY
Who’s To Blame? “The world needed a great statesman to keep them out of war, but no such statesman existed” • Britain was in a power race with Germany • Germany was a growing nation trying to prove it’s worth • France was worried about it’s declining importance on the international stage • Russia, Austria Hungary and the Ottoman Empire were fighting enlightenment ideas of socialism and equality
The Schlieffen Plan • France was identified as the German Empire’s most dangerous opponent • The Plan: • Attack France first, going through Belgium • 6 Weeks • Once France was in hand, use the strong railway system to move troops to the Russian front
German Atrocities in Belgium August – September 1914 murder of civilians, mass executions, rapes, mutilations, arson
Mobilization • Home by Christmas! • No major war in 50 years! • Nationalism! It's a long way to Tipperary, It's a long way to go; It's a long way to Tipperary, To the sweetest girl I know! Goodbye, Piccadilly, Farewell, Leicester Square, It's a long, long way to Tipperary, But my heart's right there!
Recruits of the Central Powers A German Soldier Says Farewell to His Mother Austro-Hungarians
Trench Warfare • Read the story: A Suffolk Farmhand at Gallipoli • Pick out a quote that you think portrays the meaning of the story • Pick out one word to describe Trench Warfare
Trench Warfare “No Man’s Land” Video
Verdun – February, 1916 • German offensive that lasted 10 months • French Resistance “They Shall Not Pass” • Germans finally abandoned the attack after losing 330,000 men to the French 350,000 men
The Somme – July, 1916 • The Allied offensive, lasted 4 months • The British sent a large force to help France goal was to use numbers to break the Germans • Gained 7 miles of ground at the cost of 620,000 men • 1st Battle to use Tanks (the new British invention)
TheEasternFront "When [such a] mass suffers enormous losses ; when they feel, as they will feel, that other and less costly means of achieving the same end might have been adopted, what will become of their morale?"Henderson • Stats: • 3 Million Med Died • 9 Million Men Wounded • Every Country Lost It’s Form of Government
Ottoman Empire Joins the Central Powers German Empires early victories (“We will win the war in 6 weeks”) Clashes in the Middle East and Africa with the Allied Powers over colonies Russian aggression in the Balkan Wars
Russia invaded E. Prussia Aug 17th 1914 Germany countered For two years each side gained and lost land Red- Russia Purple- AHE Yellow- Germany Orange Line- Russian advance 1915
Armenia • A Christian people living next to Russia, but part of the Ottoman Empire • As the Russian army threatened this border, the Turkish government “resettled” them. • Armed roundups began April 24, 1915 • 2 Million died in “resettlement” camps
If there was something like the Vietnam War Memorial for all the casualties in WW1 it would be 14 miles long.
The War at Sea • Prior to WW1 the major powers formed an international law that stated countries could ONLY blockade contraband (articles of war) • During WW1 Britain ignored this agreement and tried to starve the Central Powers into submission • Neutral Powers, mainly America objected • “freedom of the seas” • German’s responded with the submarine • Unrefined weapon- only used to sink other ships • Germany notified the international community it would sink any ship off Britain’s coast • The Lusitania was sunk May 9th 1915 • Sunk in 18 minutes • 1,198 people died, 128 Americans • In 2008 divers found Remington Bullets in the wreckage, which supports Germany’s claims
Lawrence of ArabiaThe Hero of the “Arab Revolt”, 1916-18 "I decided to go my own way, with or without orders". • Ability to speak Arabic led to his commission • Renown for not following protocol and his use of guerilla tactics against the Turks • The British were losing their campaign in the Middle East. Lawrence used untrained, undisciplined Arab/Native fighters to harass and eventually overcome the Turks • Fun Fact: He died at the age of 45 on a motorcycle doing 90mph while trying to avoid two boys who walked into his path.
Fighting in Africa Black Soldiers in the German Schutztruppen[German E. Africa] British Sikh Mountain Gunners
Fighting in Africa 3rd British Battalion, Nigerian Brigade
Fighting in Salonika, Greece French colonial marine infantry fromCochin, China - 1916
Crash Course • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_XPZQ0LAlR4
Russian Women Soldiers “The Women’s Battalion of Death” • 2,000 women ages 13-25 • Fought in the June Offensive 1917 • In 3 months their numbers were down to 250
Effects of the War on Women • Voting (maybe not as influential as it seems) • England: Right to vote was granted by the 1918 Representation of the Peoples Act (385 to 55 margin) • France: Vote not granted until after WWII • Work • “A truly liberating experience” “Glory of Britain” • Jobs were often broken down into simpler unskilled tasks • When men returned home many women left the workforce to care for them • By 1931 wages had returned to pre-war levels
