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Evolving Retirement Systems. The Extended FamilyWorking members share income with retireesDefined benefit pensionsWorkers accept lower salariesRetirees receive relatively fixed paymentsDefined contribution pensionsWorkers save to provide benefits for their own retirement years. The Extended Fa
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1. Ontario Teachers’ Pension Plan: Asset Allocation Decision
2. Evolving Retirement Systems The Extended Family
Working members share income with retirees
Defined benefit pensions
Workers accept lower salaries
Retirees receive relatively fixed payments
Defined contribution pensions
Workers save to provide benefits for their own retirement years
3. The Extended Family Workers sacrifice consumption to provide consumption for retired Parents
Bad times are shared by retirees and workers
Retirees have an equity claim on economic output
4. Defined Benefit Pensions Workers sacrifice consumption through lower wages to pay for retirement benefits
Retirees are paid amounts that are
fixed in currency terms, or
fixed in real terms
Retirees have relatively fixed claims on economic output
Formally, claims are fixed
But terms may have to be revised in adverse times
Implicit partial equity characteristics
5. Defined Contribution Pensions Worker and/or employer make contributions to a retirement account
Amount received by the worker in retirement depends on
Amounts contributed
Actuarial factors
Investment returns
6. The Swedish Pension System The Notional Defined Contribution System
16% of salary contributed
Partially funded
Investment return based on
Increase in an index of average income, or
Approximate rate of return in the system
The Financial Defined Contribution System
2.5% of salary contributed
Fully funded
Individual can choose as many as 5 of 500 investment funds
7. Defined Contribution Pensions Workers and retirees typically have some discretion over types of claims purchased (fixed, equity or both)
Growing use in both private and public retirement systems
More amenable to risk-sharing between workers and retirees
8. Demography and the Growth of Defined Contribution Pensions Ratio of retirees per worker increasing
With fixed claims for retirees, worker claims would be highly leveraged
Allocation of risk would be suboptimal
Defined contribution plans can
Provide equity characteristics
Allow workers to choose levels of risk
Facilitate a more optimal allocation of risk among workers and retirees
9. Risk-sharing in a Simple Economy Economic Output Retirees Workers