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Promoting Integration by Awareness Raising and Counselling Final Conference Vienna, 29 th of June, 2010

Promoting Integration by Awareness Raising and Counselling Final Conference Vienna, 29 th of June, 2010. Migrant Women in Hungary Presented by Lídia Balogh MONA Foundation for the Women of Hungary. Source of the pictures:

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Promoting Integration by Awareness Raising and Counselling Final Conference Vienna, 29 th of June, 2010

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  1. Promoting Integration by Awareness Raising and CounsellingFinal ConferenceVienna, 29th of June, 2010 Migrant Women in Hungary Presented by Lídia Balogh MONA Foundation for the Women of Hungary

  2. Source of the pictures: Bevándorló Budapest (= ‘Immigrant Budapest’), Budapest: Menedék Foundation, 2009. information service

  3. General context: • Migration is quite a new phenomenon in Hungary (after 1989) • The volume of migration to Hungary is quite moderate • The overwhelming majority of migrants are ethnic Hungarians from neighbouring countries • Largest „visible” minority: the Roma (their situation is copmparaple in many aspects to that of migrants in Western countries) NOTE: Roma in Hungary are Hungarian citizens, and are settled in cities and in villages as well (a significant proportion in the most disadvantaged regions of the country).

  4. Demographic overview

  5. Countries of origin • Largest group: Ethnic Hungarians from neighbouring countries (70 % of all migrants and foreign born citizens – many of them now have Hungarian citizenship) • Second largest group (on a quantitatively smaller scale): Chinese (estimates vary between 5.000 and 15.000) • Smaller groups: • Vietnamese (approx. 3.000) • Arabs (approx. 2.200) • Russians (approx. 2.000) • Turks and Kurds from Turkey (approx. 1.500) • Persians (approx. 1.200) • Mongolians (approx. 1.000) • Latin-Americans (less than 1.000) • Africans (approx. 800) • … etc.

  6. Economics and immmigration in Hungary • Motivation: - Economic migration prevails, this motivation is followed by: - Higher education studies and - Family reunification reasons • Education level of migrants: - No precise data available, - Overallnot lower than that of the total population. • Labor market activity rate of migrants - Higher than that of the total population • Labour market segmentation / segregation: - Migrant groups areclearly segmented in terms of the work they perform in the Hungarian labour market - No real vertical segregation

  7. Migrant women in Hungarian society 1. Some roles of migrant women in Hungary: • Healthcare professionals: skilled nurses from neighboring countries, mainly ethnic Hungarians (commuting between workplace and homecountry) • Elderly care providers, employedby families unskilled, illegal workers from neighboring countries (mainly ethnic Hungarian women from Romania) • Homemakers: e.g. Russian women (married to Hungarian men)

  8. Migrant women in Hungarian society 2. Some „typical” roles of migrant women in Western countries are NOT performed by migrants in Hungary, such as: • Low prestige maintenance jobs: performed typically by non-migrants (Note: Roma are often excluded even from low prestige jobs) • Prostitution, sexual exploitation typically non-migrant women and girls are involved (Roma are overrepresented)

  9. Gender structure of the migrant population Slightly more men (different pattern than that of the non-migrant society) • Coming from neighboring countries: about 50% women • Coming from (other countries of) the EU:40% women • Coming from outside of Europe: mostly men (except Chinese, Vietnamese and Mongolians)

  10. Identified needs of migrant women • Need for social networks • Some NGOs identified need for informal peer-groups • Psychological needs • Post-Trauma Stress Disorder treatment • Self-esteem building, empowerment  • Specialhealthcareneeds of women -e.g. for victims of female genital mutilation • Need for information, knowledge - Information, knowledge on information and knowledge on reproductive rights and on birth control/family planning.  - Gender violence issues: awareness raising, information about rights and the available help services

  11. National policies and programstargeting migrant women NO comprehensive national migrant integration strategy (only somelimited-scale, isolated policy components) NO policies/programs for migrant women

  12. NGO programmes and servicesfor migrant women • Cordelia Foundation: - psychological, medical care for traumatized refugees • Smile Association: - Hungarian language and culture course for migrant women - information service • Menedék Foundation: - women’s clubs at refugee camps and in privateshelters - model program to prevent sexual violence in refugee camps - brochure for women about health carerights, domestic violence etc, - seminar for migrant women - individual counseling services for migrant women

  13. Contact: lidia.balogh@gmail.com mona.alapitvany@gmail.com www.mona-hungary.hu

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