Prevention of Heart Disease

Slide 1:Prevention of Heart Disease?????

Nadheer Issa, MD Internal Medicine

Slide 2:Prevention of Heart Disease

Slide 3:Risk factors of cardiovascular diseases

Older Age Male Sex Elevated Blood Pressure High Cholesterol Level Cigarette Smoking Diabetes Mellitus

Slide 4:Diet and lifestyle goals for CVD risk reduction

Consume an overall healthy diet Aim for a healthy body weight Aim for recommended level of LDL, HDL and TG Aim for a normal blood pressure Aim for a normal blood sugar level Be physically active Avoid use of and exposure to tobacco products

Slide 5:Consume an overall healthy diet

As part of a healthy diet, an adult consuming 2,000 calories daily should aim for: Fruits and vegetables: At least 4.5 cups a day Fish (preferably oily fish): At least two 3.5-ounce servings a week Fiber-rich whole grains: At least three 1-ounce-equivalent servings a day Sodium: Less than 1,500 mg a day Sugar-sweetened beverages: No more than 450 calories (36 ounces) a week

Slide 6:Consume an overall healthy diet

Other Dietary Measures: Nuts, legumes and seeds: At least 4 servings a week Processed meats: No more than 2 servings a week Saturated fat: Less than 7% of total energy intake

Slide 7:Aim for a healthy body weight

A healthy body weight is defined as a body mass index of (18.5-24.9 Kg/m2)� Overweight is a BMI between 25-29.9 Kg/m2� Obesity is a BMI > 30 Kg/m2� Currently in USA one third of population is overweight and additional one third is obese

Slide 8:Aim for a healthy body weight

Reasons for obesity in USA:� Meal portion size High calorie density food Easy access to plentiful and inexpensive food Sedentary lifestyle Commercial and cultural influences that encourage calorie consumption in excess of calorie utilization

Slide 9:Know how to read the food label

Slide 10:Aim for recommended level of LDL, HDL and TG

LDL Optimal < 100 mg/dL Near or above optimal 100-129 mg/dL Borderline high 130-159 mg/dL High 160-189 mg/dL Very high > 190 mg/dL TG optimal level < 150 mg/dL HDL for Men > 40 mg/dL, for women > 50 mg/dL

Slide 11:Aim for a normal blood pressure

A normal blood pressure is a systolic BP < 120 mmHg and a diastolic BP < 80 mmHg� Dietary modifications that lower BP are:� Reduced salt intake Calorie deficit to induce weight loss Modertion of alcohol consumption Increased potassium intake Consumption of an overall healthy diet DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet.

Slide 12:Aim for a normal blood sugar level

A normal fasting blood glucose level is equal or less than 100 mg/dL Diabetes is defined by a FBG level of equal or higher than 126 mg/dL

Slide 13:Be physically active

Regular physical activity is essential for maintaining physical and cardiovascular fitness, maintaining healthy weight, and sustaining weight loss once achieved.� Current estimates indicate that 61% of US adults do not engage in any regular physical activity.

Slide 14:Avoid use of and exposure to tobacco products

Nearly 23% of US adults smoke, with the highest rates in American Indian/Alaskan Native women (37%) and the lowest rates in Asian women (7%).

Slide 15:Thank You???

Slide 16:Questions and Answers?????