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Kazakhstan: Challenges and Achievements in Poverty Reduction. Sarosh Sattar The World Bank May 4, 2005. Outline of today’s presentation. Changes in poverty over time Characteristics of the poor Linkage of poverty and economic growth Access to services Social Safety Net Conclusions.
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Kazakhstan:Challenges and Achievements in Poverty Reduction Sarosh Sattar The World Bank May 4, 2005
Outline of today’s presentation • Changes in poverty over time • Characteristics of the poor • Linkage of poverty and economic growth • Access to services • Social Safety Net • Conclusions
Escaping poverty The probability of being poor decreases if • Urban resident in large city • Head of household is employed • Fewer children • Small household size • Higher education degree • Own assets such as land or livestock
Poverty is correlated with the level of economic development—usually
Urban access rates for sewerage is correlated with value-added per capita
Access to infrastructure services • Though the urban poor are less likely to have access to piped water and sewerage in their dwelling than the better off, many of the middle and upper class lack access as well • Access to services in urban areas mirrors the general level of economic development for non-oil oblasts • Rural sector access to infrastructure services is very low
Three main criteria for success of a poverty reduction program • Maximize coverage of the beneficiary group • Minimize leakage of benefits to the non-poor • Adequacy of benefits in raising people out of poverty
Conclusions 1 • How to help the poor? • Further develop targeted program of cash transfers (TSA Program) • Provide basic infrastructure services in sewerage, clean water, and heating • Economic development at the oblast level
Conclusions 2 • Further work to be carried out • Why is rural poverty falling relatively slowly? • Why has urban poverty fallen so fast? • How do the rural poor manage in terms of access to clean water, sanitation facilities, and heating? • What are the developments in the demand for education? • What are the causes of the low life expectancy rates?