1 / 56

Progressions in Psychomotor Development

Progressions in Psychomotor Development Birth through 9 years From 2 – 2.5 years A child can Jump from a height of 12” with one foot leading Jump off the floor with both feet Balance on one foot Takes short running steps on toes Throws a 9.5 ball 4-5 feet From 2.5 – 3 years A child can

MikeCarlo
Download Presentation

Progressions in Psychomotor Development

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Progressions in Psychomotor Development Birth through 9 years

  2. From 2 – 2.5 years • A child can • Jump from a height of 12” with one foot leading • Jump off the floor with both feet • Balance on one foot • Takes short running steps on toes • Throws a 9.5 ball 4-5 feet

  3. From 2.5 – 3 years • A child can • Jump from a height of 18” with one foot leading • Stands on a walking board 6 cm. wide • Attempts to step while on walking board • Catches a 16.25 inch ball with arms straight

  4. From 3 – 3.5 years • Child can • Walk backwards easily • Walk UP stairs alternating feet, no rails • Make sharp turns while running • Jump forward and land on both feet • Rises to feet from a kneeling position in a mature pattern • Climb on playground equipment • Jumps down from 8 inch elevation with both feet together • Demonstrates elementary hopping pattern – 1 foot

  5. From 3.5 to 4 years • Child can • Walk down stairs, alternating feet, WITH use of rail • Jump from a height of 12” with feet together; • Performs 3 consecutive hops on preferred foot • Throw a tennis ball for distance (8-9 feet) using a forward stance • Identify body planes • Catches a 16.25 inch ball with elbows in front

  6. From 4 – 4.5 years • Child can • Stand/balances on one foot for 4-8 seconds • Walk on the balance beam • Balance while changing direction, from the trunk • Walk up and down stairs WITHOUT rail, alternating feet • Run smoothly, at alternating speeds • Jump forward, 8-10 inches; running jump 22-33 inches • Jump over a rope 2 inches high

  7. 4 – 4.5 years - continued • Child can • Catch a large ball with arms flexed at the elbow • Throw a tennis ball overhand with trunk rotation • Bounce a large playground ball • Kick a large playground ball with accuracy • Ride a tricycle expertly • Turn a forward summersault

  8. From 4.5 – 5 years • Child can • Jump backward • Jump over a stationary rope 4” high • Slide down a playground slide • Swing on a playground swing

  9. From 5 – 5.5 years • Child can • Stand on one foot without visual feedback • Walk the balance beam forward, sideways and backwards • Run 35 feet in 10 seconds • Hop 45 feet in 10 seconds • Throw a tennis ball with trunk rotation and forward weight shift (step) • Catch a bounced tennis ball with hands

  10. From 5 – 5.5 yrs. - continued • Child can • Hit a T-ball with a bat • March, keeping time to the music • Use skates, sled, wagon or scooter well • Gallop leading with both preferred and non-preferred leg • Kicks a soccer ball through the air a distance of 8-11.5 feet • Alternates feet in basic skipping movements

  11. From 5.5 – 6 years • Child can • Throw a 9.5 inch ball 14-15 feet • Catch a 16.25 inch ball with elbows at the side of the body

  12. From 6 to 7 years • Child can • Skip at an intermediate level • Throw a softball for distance • Boys - 34.1 feet • Girls - 19 feet • Walk on a balance beam 4 cm wide and 2.5 meters long in 9 seconds stepping off less than once per trial • Run • Boys - 4.2 yd/sec. • Girls - 4.1 yd/sec.

  13. 6 – 7 years - continued • Child can • Perform a standing broad jump • Boys - 37+ inches • Girls - 36+ inches • Perform a standing high jump of 8 inches • Kick a soccer ball in the air a distance of 10-18 feet • Perform 2-2 hopping pattern and skip in mature pattern ~ 6.5 yrs [Girls]. • Hop 15 ft. on right and left feet [Boys]

  14. 6 – 7 years - continued • Child can • Visually fixate on and pursue (track) an object through all meridia and cross the mid-line smoothly • while Keeping the head/neck in a fixed position • Can cross mid-line in gross and fine motor activities in a differentiated [smooth and easy] fashion

  15. From 7 – 8 years • Child can • Run • Boys – 4.6 yd/sec. • Girls – 4.4 yd/sec. • Throw softball for distance • Boys – 45+ feet • Girls – 25+ feet • Perform a standing broad jump • Boys – 41+ inches • Girls – 40 inches

  16. 7 – 8 years - continued • Most girls can perform 3-2 hopping pattern • Both boys and girls Mature skip in mature fashion

  17. From 8 – 9 years • Child can • Throw a softball for distance • Boys – 59 ft. • Girls – 34 ft. • Run • Boys - 5.1 yd/sec. • Girls – 4.6 yd/sec. • Perform a standing broad jump • Boys – 46+ inches • Girls – 46 inches

  18. Also from 8-9 years • Most boys can perform 2-2 hopping pattern

  19. Developmental Parameters of Vision

  20. VISION • TWO TYPES: • REFRACTIVE (focal vision) … VERSUSORTHOPTIC(related todepth perception and balance) • THESE ARE THE CRITICAL COMPONENTS OF VISION AND VISUAL DEVELOPMENT

  21. The critical subcomponentsof vision and visual development VISUAL ACUITY REFRACTIVE FIGURE-GROUND PERCEPTION ORTHOPTIC DEPTH PERCEPTION ORTHOPTIC VISUAL-MOTOR COORDINATION OPTHOPTIC

  22. Visual Acuity - Static Vision(pick out detail in stationary objects, Snellen chart: 20/20) - Dynamic Vision (pick out detail in moving objects) - Developmental aspects (rapid improvement 5-7, plateau 7-8, mature 10-12)

  23. Figure-Ground Perception  where - Figure (specific object) -Ground(background object(s)) - Developmental aspects (slow improvement 3-4, rapid improvement 4-6, mature 8-12) • An element of depth perception

  24. Depth Perception judging distance - accomplished via depth cues - (monocular= size, texture, distance, shading etc.) - (binocular = retinal disparity, convergence) - Developmental aspects  (frequent errors 3-4 yrs., few errors 5-6 yrs.,rapid improvement 7-11 yrs., mature 12 yr.)

  25. Visual-Motor Coordination the ability to coordinate vision with body movements - A.K.A. Object tracking& interception - Developmental aspects  (rapid improvement 3-7 yrs., slow improvement, 7-9 yrs., mature 11-12 yrs.)

  26. Development of Body Image • Identification of Body Parts • Understanding the Function of Body Parts • Efficient Utilization of Space • Right-left and Bi-Lateral Discriminations during Movement Function

  27. Birth  1 year  3 years  Can watch the hand move Stomach, head , parts of face, limbs, hands, fingers and toes Objects in relation to body planes, e.g., “things are in front, to the back or to the side of ..” A child from birth through 3 can visually/verbally identify these body parts

  28. Also …. a child at age 3 • Knows the words “right” and “left,” but not that they are on opposite sides of the body

  29. 5 years  6 years  7 years  Shoulders, elbows, knees; middle and ring fingers Trunk appears in drawings; thighs, forearms, etc. identified Wrists, ankles, shins, parts of limbs A child from 5 through 7 can visually/verbally identify these body parts

  30. 5 years  6 years  7 years  8 years  9 years  Knows right and left are on opposite sides but is unable to tell which is which Some left-right judgments made accurately More correct right-left judgments on self and in letters, numbers etc. Can identify the left-right of others when facing them Can describe the left-right movements of others while watching them Left-right identification 5 – 9 years

  31. Fine Motor Skill Progressions

  32. Note  Critical Developmental Skills of Prehension, Grasping and Releasing • Prehension grasping and releasing e.g. tennis ball, pencil, etc. • Effective grasping (9 mos.) • Thumb opposition (9-10 mos.) • Object release (18 mos.)

  33. Manipulating a Writing Instrument • Sequence = supination, pronation, dynamic tripod (7 yrs.) • Posture, hand position

  34. Continued - Fine Motor Manipulative Behavior • Drawing and writing

  35. Stages of Drawing and Writing

  36. Stage 1  • Scribbling developing hand-eye coordination  (15-20 MOS.)

  37. Stage 2 • Development of Diagrams and combinations of diagrams ~ 1-2 yrs.

  38. Stage 3  • Combine stage  basic geometric figures (spirals, crosses)  to more precise figures, e.g., circles, squares, etc. ~ 2 yrs

More Related