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VERTEBRAL COLUMN, RIBS & STERNUM

VERTEBRAL COLUMN, RIBS & STERNUM. by Isabella Kung. 16. October.2012 Tuesday. Kaan Yücel M.D., Ph.D. Vertebrae + intervertebtal (IV) discs Spine Omurga Onurğa Spina Wirbelsäule العمود الفقري Laf dhabar Main part of the axial skeleton.

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VERTEBRAL COLUMN, RIBS & STERNUM

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  1. VERTEBRAL COLUMN, RIBS & STERNUM byIsabella Kung 16. October.2012 Tuesday Kaan Yücel M.D., Ph.D.

  2. Vertebrae+ intervertebtal (IV) discs Spine Omurga Onurğa Spina Wirbelsäule العمود الفقري Laf dhabar Main part of theaxialskeleton VERTEBRAL COLUMN

  3. VERTEBRAL COLUMN fromthecranium (skull) totheapex of thecoccyx ¼ formed by the intervertebral (IV) discs. IV discsseparateandbindthevertebraetogether.

  4. VERTEBRAL COLUMN • Protectsthespinalcordandspinalnerves. • Supportstheweight of the body superiortothelevel of thepelvis. • Providesa partlyrigidandflexibleaxisforthe body and an extendedbase on whichthehead is placedandpivots. • Plays an important role in postureandlocomotion • (themovementfromoneplacetoanother).

  5. VERTEBRAE • vertebrae(singular = vertebra) • separatedbyresilientintervertebral (IV) discs. • Vertebralcolumnflexible

  6. VERTEBRAE 33 vertebraearranged in 5 regions • 7 cervical • 12 thoracic • 5 lumbar • 5 sacral • 4 coccygeal

  7. VERTEBRAE • Significantmotionoccursbetween24 superiorvertebrae. • Of the 9 inferiorvertebrae, 5 sacralvertebraefusedin adultsto form thesacrum • After~ 30, the4 coccygealvertebraefuseto form thecoccyx

  8. VERTEBRAE becomelargeras thevertebralcolumndescendstothesacrum thenbecomeprogressivelysmallertowardapexof thecoccyx

  9. Structures of thevertebrae • A typicalvertebraconsistsof • A Vertebralbody • AVertebralarch • 7 processes

  10. VERTEBRAL BODY • Massive, cylndircal • Anteriorpart of the bone • Givesstrength to the vertebralcolumn. • Supportsbody weight. • The size of the vertebral bodiescolumn descends • most markedly from T4 inferiorly • As each bears progressively greater body weight.

  11. Posteriorto the vertebral body • Consists of two (right and left)pedicles& laminae. • VERTEBRAL ARCH

  12. vertebralarch + posterior surface of the vertebral body • walls of vertebral foramen

  13. The succession of vertebral foramina • in the articulated vertebral column • forms • the vertebral canal (spinal canal)

  14. Vertebral notches(Incisura vertebralis) • Indentations observed in lateral views of the vertebrae • Superior and inferior to each pedicle • Between the superiorand inferior articular processes posteriorly • Between the corresponding projections of the body anteriorly.

  15. The superior and inferior vertebral notchesof adjacent vertebrae and the IV discs form intervertebral foramina • Intervertebral foramina • Spinal (posterior root) ganglia are located • Spinal nerves emerge from the vertebral column with their accompanying vessels through these foramina.

  16. Regional Characteristics of Vertebrae • vertebraehaving foramina in their transverse processes are cervicalvertebrae

  17. articularfacetsorientation in eachregiondifferent • Movementneeded • articularfacets of thoracicvertebraenearlyvertical, • define an arc centered in the IV disc • this arrangement permits rotation and lateral flexion of the vertebral column in this region.

  18. Regional variations in size and shape of the vertebral canal accommodate the varying thickness of the spinal cord.

  19. CERVICAL VERTEBRAE skeleton of the neck between the cranium & thoracic vertebrae

  20. FEATURES TYPICAL FOR CERVICAL VERTEBRAE Smallest of the 24 movablevertebrae Relatively larger intervertebral discs discs are thin, but relative to their small size; thick.

  21. FEATURES TYPICAL FOR CERVICAL VERTEBRAE 3) Greatest range & variety of movement of all the vertebral regions 4) foramen transversariumin the transverse process

  22. FEATURES TYPICAL FOR CERVICAL VERTEBRAE 5) anterior tubercles of vertebra C6 carotid tubercles Chassaignactubercles

  23. FEATURES TYPICAL FOR CERVICAL VERTEBRAE 6) Spinousprocesses of C3-C6 short and usually bifid in white people

  24. Vertebrae C3-C7 typicalcervicalvertebrae Largevertebralforamina restrictedrotation superolateralmargin uncusof the body uncinateprocess

  25. C7- vertebraprominens • A longspinousprocess • Mostprominent spinous process in 70% of people

  26. Atlas (C1) No body No spinousprocess Widestof the cervical vertebrae Thekidney-shaped, concavesuperiorarticularsurfaces of thelateralmassesarticulatewithoccipitalcondyles.

  27. Anterior and posteriorarches a tubercle in the center of its externalaspect extendbetweenthelateralmassesforming a complete ring. Posteriorarch A wide groove for the vertebral artery on its superior surface. C1 nerve also runs in this groove.

  28. strongest of the cervicalvertebrae C1, carrying the cranium, rotates on C2 (e.g., when a person turns the head to indicate “no”). Axis (C2)

  29. Axis (C2) The distinguishing featureblunt tooth-like dens Lies anterior to the spinalcord. Serves as the pivot about which the rotation of the head occurs.

  30. Axis (C2) • largebifid spinousprocess

  31. THORACIC VERTEBRAE • The thoracic skeleton includes: • 12 pairs of ribs and associated costal cartilages • 12 thoracic vertebrae and the intervertebral discs between them • Sternum

  32. FEATURES TYPICAL FOR THORACIC VERTEBRAE articulation with ribs. 1) Bilateral costal demifacetson the vertebral bodies inferior and superior pairs for articulation with heads of ribs 2)Costal facets on the transverse processes for articulation with tubercles of ribs except for the inferior 2 or 3 thoracic vertebrae

  33. FEATURES TYPICAL FOR THORACIC VERTEBRAE 3) Articularprocesses of thoracic vertebrae extend vertically with paired, nearly coronally oriented articular facets define an arc. greatest degree of rotation is permitted here!

  34. FEATURES TYPICAL FOR THORACIC VERTEBRAE 4)Heart-shaped bodies 5) Long, inferiorly slanting spinous processes

  35. T1-T4 vertebrae share some features of cervical vertebrae. The middle four thoracic vertebrae (T5-T8) demonstrate all the features typical of thoracic vertebrae.

  36. T1atypical 1. long, horizontalspinousprocess Vertebraprominens? No. 2. complete costal facetfor the 1st rib 3. demifacetfor the 2nd rib. Typicalpattern 1+0.5 1+1 costalfacet @ transverseprocesses 0.5+0.5demifacet 0.5+0.5demifacet

  37. [T9]-T10vertebrae No inferiordemifacet 1+1 costalfacet @ transverseprocesses 0.5+0.5demifacet T11-T12vertebrae No transverse costal facets 1 completefacet on eachside 1+1 demifacet

  38. mostcommonlyfracturedvertebra T12 superiorhalfthoracic in character costalfacets& articular processes inferiorhalflumbar in character nocostalfacets articular processes that permit only flexion and extension.

  39. LUMBAR VERTEBRAE in the lower back between the thorax and sacrum

  40. FEATURES TYPICAL FOR LUMBAR VERTEBRAE • massivebodies • transverseprocessesprojectposterosuperiorlyas well as laterally. • mammillaryprocesses & accessoryprocesses

  41. Vertebra L5 massivebody andtransverseprocesses • Largestof all movable vertebrae. • Carriesthe weight of the whole upper body. • Lumbosacralangle • betweenthe long axis of the lumbar region of the vertebral column and that of the sacrum.

  42. SACRUM L. sacred Wedged-shaped Usually composed of 5 fused sacral vertebrae in adults. Located between the hip bones Forms the roof and posterosuperior wall of the posterior half of the pelvic cavity.

  43. Sacralcanal continuation of the vertebral canal in the sacrum.

  44. On the pelvic and posterior surfaces of the sacrum four pairs of sacralforamina

  45. The anterior projecting edge of the body of the S1 vertebra is the sacral promontory (L. mountain ridge), an important obstetrical landmark. The apex of the sacrum, its tapering inferior end, has an oval facet for articulation with the coccyx.

  46. The sacrum supports the vertebral column and forms the posterior part of the bony pelvis. The sacrum is tilted so that it articulates with the L5 vertebra at the lumbosacral angle. Eur Spine J. 2009 Feb;18(2):212-7. Epub 2008 Nov 18. Assessment of lumbosacral kyphosis in spondylolisthesis: a computer-assisted reliability study of six measurement techniques. Glavas P, Mac-Thiong JM, Parent S, de Guise JA, Labelle H.

  47. The pelvic surface of the sacrum is smooth and concave. • 4 transverselines • Fusion of the sacral vertebrae starts after age20.

  48. The dorsal surface of the sacrum marked by five prominent longitudinal ridges. mediansacralcrest fused rudimentary spinous processes of the superior three or four sacralvertebra

  49. Intermediate sacral crestsfusedarticularprocesses Lateral sacral creststips of the transverse processes of fusedsacralvertebrae

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