Indices

1. 1 Indices Indices Prepared by: Prepared by: Dr. Mohammed Alruby Dr. Mohammed Alruby I Indices ndices Dr. Mohammed Alruby Dr. Mohammed Alruby

2. 2 Indices Requirements of index: by world health organization 1977 1-Reliable 2-Valid 3-Acceptable to profession and public 4-Require minimal judgement 5-Administrively simple 6-Cheap Types of indices: 1-Occlusal classification: Angel ------- 1899 Incisors; Ballarad and Wayman 1964, Houston et al 1993 2-Skeletal classification 3-Malocclusion: = Occlusal index:------------------------- Summers 1971 = Handcapping malocclusion assessment record -------- Solzman 1988 = index of treatment needed IOTN ------------- Brook and shaw 1989 = index of treatment complexity outcome and need ICON-----------Richmond 2000. 4-Treatment assessment: Little irregularity index --------Little 1975 Peer assessment rating ---------Richmound et al 1992 5-Cleft outcomes: Golson yardistick ----------------Mars et al 1987 5 years old index ---------------- Atack et al 1997a,b 6-Periodontal: Gingival index; ------------------ Stilness and Loe 1964 Plaque index ---------------------- Loe and Stilness 1963 Plaque index: Stilness and Loe 1964 Record levels of supra-gingival plaque presents: 0: no plaque at gingival margin 1: initial deposit of plaque at gingival margin (not visible by eye) 2: plaque at gingival margin (visible by eye) 3: heavy accumulation of plaque in tooth. (does not indicate plaque control and does not record sub gingival area) Gingival index: Assess and record gingival condition 0: healthy 1: mild inflammation, slight change in color. 2: moderate inflammation: redness, bleeding by pressure, moderate glazing. 3: severe inflammation: redness, hyperplasia, tendency for spontaneous bleeding. Recommended for 6 teeth;upper right 2, 6 left 4 and lower right 4, left 2, 6 4 values / tooth recorded: buccal, lingual, mesial, distal. Basic periodontal examination: Aniamo et al 1982 = Developed from the community of periodontal index of treatment needs (CPITN) I Indices ndices Dr. Mohammed Alruby Dr. Mohammed Alruby

3. 3 = all teeth are examined = must contain two functioning teeth. 0: no pockets over 3mm No calculus—overhangs No bleeding on gentle probing 1: no pockets over 3mm No calculus – overhangs Bleeding on gentle probing 2: no pocket over 3mm There is a calculus or other retentive plaque factors. 3: deepest pocket from 3.5----5mm Total attachments loss at any site. Occlusal index: by Summers 1966 = it is a valid tool for measuring the occlusion and malocclusion in each stage of development; deciduous, mixed, permanent dentition. = the following criteria are included; 1-Dental age 2-Molar relationship 3-Over bite 4-Over jet 5-Posterior cross bite 6-Posterior open bite 7-Tooth displacement 8-Midline relation 9-Missing permanent maxillary incisors. = it defines two divisions and seven malocclusion syndromes, division I normal, division II distal molar relation 1-Syndrome A: over jet and anterior open bite 2-Syndrome B: distal molar relationship, over jet, posterior cross bite, midline diastema, midline deviation. 3-Syndrome C: congenital missing incisors. 4-Syndrome D: potential tooth displacement and tooth displacement. 5-Syndrome E; posterior open bite. Division III mesial molar relation 6-Syndrome F: mesial molar relation, negative over jet, over bite, posterior cross bite, midline diastema, midline deviation. 7-Syndrome G: mixed dentition analysis, and tooth displacement. Treatment priority index by Grianger 1967 Weighted and defined measurement 1-Upper anterior segment over jet 2-Lower anterior segment over jet 3-Over bite of upper anterior over lower anterior 4-Anterior open bite 5-Congenital absence of incisors 6-Distal molars relationship I Indices ndices Dr. Mohammed Alruby Dr. Mohammed Alruby

4. 4 7-Mesial molar relation 8-Posterior cross bite; maxillary teeth buccal to normal 9-Posterior cross bite: maxillary teeth lingual to normal 10-Tooth displacement 11-Gross anomalies I Indices ndices Dr. Mohammed Alruby Dr. Mohammed Alruby