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What are adverbs?

What are adverbs?<br>

Moustafashalabi
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What are adverbs?

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  1. Adverbs/ædvərbz/ 28/1/2018

  2. IN GOD WE TRUST Moustafa Mohammad Shalabi MA. Applied LinguisticsPhD. Scholar Corpus LinguisticsAwang Had Salleh School of Graduate StudiesUniversity Utara Malaysia, Malaysia mostafa.shalaby1970@gmail.com

  3. Whatareadverbs? Adverbsare words like now,then,today,tomorrowandcarefully. An adverb modifiesthe meaning of a verb, an adjective or another adverb. Read the following sentences: Noor smiled sweetly. Those mangoes were verysweet. Nadaspokequiteloudly. In sentence 1, the adverb quickly shows how (or in what manner), Noor smiled. It modifies the verb smiled. In sentence 2, the adverb very says something about the sweetness of the mangoes. It modifies the adjective sweet. Insentence3, quite says something about the manner in which he spoke. It modifies the adverb loudly. Note that adverbs standing at the beginning of sentences sometimes modify the whole sentence, rather than a particular word.

  4. Whatareadverbs? • Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives and other adverbs • Many adverbs end with /ly/ • Most adverbs answer the question “How?” “When?” “Where?” “How often?” “To what extent”

  5. Whatareadverbs? • These are adverbs • Eating quickly. (modifying a verb) • Trying veryhard. (modifying an adverb) • A really big show. (modifying an adjective) • “How?” “When?” “Where?” “Howoften?” “Towhatextent” • Nagham went to the store yesterday.(when) • Noor lefts the teddy bear onthe desk. (where) • Nada eats ice cream everyday.(howoften) • The boat was extremelylarge. (towhatextent) • Most adverbs describe an action verb. • Walkis a verb. You could: • Walk fast • Walk slow • Walk backward • Walk sideways • Fast, slow, backward, sideways – these are all adverbs because they describe the action run.

  6. Whatareadverbs? • Some adverbs describe adjectives. • Pretty is an adjective. • You could say: • quite pretty • really pretty • notpretty • definitely pretty • Quite, really, not, definitely – these are all adverbs because they describe the adjective pretty.

  7. Whatareadverbs? • Some adverbs also describe other adverbs. • Cowardly is an adverb. • You could say: • very cowardly • never cowardly • always cowardly • thoroughly cowardly • Very, never, always, thoroughly – these are adverbs because they describe other adverbs.

  8. Kindsofadverbs There are very many kinds of adverbs.

  9. Adverbsoftime • Adverbs of time answer the question ‘when’. Examples are: today, yesterday, now, before, daily, already, since, ago, never etc. • I met him yesterday. • His father died two years ago. • I have seen him before. • They have already come. • We will have to start now.

  10. Adverbs of frequency • Adverbs of frequency answer the question ‘How often’. Examples are: often, always, once, never, again, seldom, frequently etc. • Weseldom go out on Sundays. • I have seen him only once. • He calledagainthis morning. • We must alwaystry to do our best.

  11. Adverbs ofplace • Adverbs of placeanswer the question ‘Where’. Examples are: here, there, up, down, everywhere, out, in etc. • She sat down. • He looked up. • I searched for him everywhere. • Come in.

  12. Adverbsofmanner Adverbs of manneranswer the question ‘How’ or ‘in What manner’. Note that this class includes nearly all those adverbs ending in -ly. Examples are:quickly, carefully, sweetly, clearly, bravely, beautifully, well, fast etc. • The soldiers fought bravely. • This essay iswell written. • She walked slowly. • The baby slept soundly.

  13. AdverborAdjective? • AnADVERBmodifies verbs, adjectives and other adverbs. • An ADJECTIVE modifies nouns. Example: The fast car is racing. (Fast describes car(. Car is a noun. The kind of word that describes a noun is an adjective; therefore, in this sentence, fast is an adjective.) Example: The car races fast. (Fast describes how it races(. Races is a verb. The kind of word that describes a verb is an adverb; therefore, in this sentence, fast is an adverb.)

  14. RecognizingAdjectives & Adverbs • Many words have both an adjective and adverb form

  15. Common Errors • with Adverbs and Adjectives • People often mistakenly use adjectives when they should use an adverb and vice versa. For example, a sentence that reads: • He behaved verybadon the field trip. • Is incorrect, because bad is modifying or describing behaved, which is a verb. It should read • He behaved very badly. • On the other hand, if you said: • His behavior is bad.

  16. GoodandWell • Confusing adverbs and adjectives is a common error with the words good and well. • Good is an adjective that should modify nouns (the good boy). • Well is an adverb that modifies a verb (he listens well), or even an adjective (the well educated boy).

  17. Don’t use adjectives when adverbs are needed • You did a real nice job • (an adjective can’t modify another adjective) • You did a really nice job • (the adverb “really” modifies “nice”) • He did good • He did well or • He did agood job • Fuel injection helps the car run efficient • Fuel injection helps the car run efficiently • Come quick! • Come quickly! • Hopefully, it won’t rain • (an adverb explains how something will happen • Ihope that it won’t rain

  18. Don’t use needless adverbs • Before using any of these words, check to see if they add anything to the sentence • Really, very, absolutely, extremely, quite, actually, somewhat, rather • I am really happy to see you • Grammar is very boring • You are absolutely correct • Her language was extremely crude • You are quite intelligent • Context will help you decide whether to retain the underlined words • Keep them only if they add to the meaning • Bill Gates is very rich. I hope he gives me some money. • Most college instructors are poor; their students are very poor. • Note: the terms “goodsuccess” and “realgoodsuccess” have been reserved for sports broadcasters; do not use them

  19. AdverbPractice To practice what you've learned here, identify the adverb in each of the following sentences. • Nada will miss the many wonderful people at work. • Noorwalked slowly and steadily up the hill. • Nagham ate quickly and then felt sick. • Hamza is very late. • Haneenwanted to be the great, big house.

  20. Answers • Nadawill miss the many wonderful people at work. Many is the adverb, which modifies the adjective wonderful, which modifies the noun people. • Noorwalked slowly and steadily up the hill. "Slowly" and "steadily" are both adverbs here, describing the way Joe walked. • Naghamate quickly and then felt sick. "Quickly" is the adverb here, modifying the verb "ate." • Hamzais very late. "Very" is an adverb modifying late which is an adjective modifying Joe. • Haneenwanted to be the great, big house. "Great" is an adverb modifying "big," which is an adjective modifying the noun "house."

  21. References • http://grammar.yourdictionary.com • http://www.bbc.co.uk • https://www.englishgrammar.org

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